2. Read the text again and answer the questions that follow.

1. What are the levels of management?

2. What are the common titles associated with top management?

3. What are common titles associated with middle manage­ment

4. What are the common titles associated with first-line management?

5. Who is at the bottom (нижняя часть) of the management level?

6. What are the most common areas of management?

7. What s a financial manager responsible for?

8. What is an operations manager traditionally equated with and what are the changes in recent years?

9. What is a marketing manager responsible for?

10. What does an administrative manager coordinate?

b) Ask five questions to the text.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

3. Ttranslate into Russian.

Three-story structure (pyramid); levels of management; first-line managers; middle managers; operating employees; responsi­ble for; define policies; hard work; good luck; executive; chief executive officer; member of the Board; activities; supervise; su­pervisor; division manager; department head; plant manager; op­erations manager; foreman; organizational structure; purpose and mission; research; customer; development; accounting; goods and services; production of goods; percentage; customer; advertising; be in charge of; government regulations; hire; determine; ap­praise; guide; ensure; employment; salary; wage; labour.

4. Find the English equivalents.

Высший руководитель (менеджер); руководитель (менед­жер) первого звена; менеджер среднего уровня; исполнитель, служащий; исполнительный директор; генеральный директор; директор производства; директор завода; начальник от­дела; руководитель подразделения; начальник; мастер; бух­галтерский учет; цель и задачи; товары и услуги; заработная плата (ежемесячная); производство товаров; деятельность; уровни руководства (менеджмента); развитие; правитель­ственные постановления; научное исследование; покупатель (постоянный); рекламирование; работа по найму; процент­ное соотношение; заведовать; нанимать; обеспечивать; оце­нивать; разрабатывать; определять политику; управлять (ру­ководить); осуществлять; решать.

5. A) Explain the words and make up sentences of your own. Use English-English dictionaries to help you.

b) Find synonyms for the words.

executive

division

customer

regulations

guide

define

6. Fill in the blanks and translate.

1. Each organization can be represented as a three-story struc­ture or ... .

2. There are three general levels of management: top managers, ... managers and . . . managers.

3. A top manager ... and ... the overall functions of the organization.

4. Top managers also . . . the firm's strategy and define its major ....

5. A middle manager ... the strategy and major policies hand­ed down from the top level of the organization.

6. Middle managers ... tactical plans, policies, and standard operating procedures.

7. They also coordinate and supervise the ... of first-line man­agers.

8. A first-line manager is a manager who ... and supervises the activities of operating employees.

9. First-line managers spend most of their time working with . . . , answering questions, and ... day-to-day problems.

10. Operating employees are ... and non-qualified persons working for the organization, they represent the work force of the organization.