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II. Can you guess the meaning of these words?

Function, institution, constitution; element, parliament, President, concept; Prime-minister, system, constitutionalism, doctrine.

III. Translate the following. Pay attention to the suffixes.

Что делать? (V) – Что? (V +tion / +ment / +ing)

Invent – invetntion, divide – division, separate – separation, institute – institution, establish – establishment, govern – government, make (laws) – making (laws), administer (laws) – administration of (laws), enforce (laws) – enforcement (of laws), protect – protection, misuse – misusing.

Какой? (-ущ) (Ving) / Что? (N) – Как? (+ly)

According – accordingly, name – namely, near – nearly

IV. Complete the word combinations.

Что? (the +) – Какой? (+ive / +al) +N

the legislature

the executive

___________

legislative body

_________ body

judicial _______

legislative power

executive power

judicial _______

V. Translate the following. Pay attention to the prepositions.

Что? (N) + Чего? (of N)

Division of functions, functions of government, doctrine of modern constitutionalism, establishment of institutions, administration of laws, enforcement of laws, elements of the government, separation of powers.

among – среди, между; (provide) for – … что,( vest) in - … что,

by – [кем? чем?]; fromom; to – [кому? чему?]

Among legislative, executive, and judicially; among three separate institutions; provide for three separate powers; belongs to legislative bodies; by executive institutions; is vested in judicial bodies; protects from misusing power.

VI. Translate into Russian incomplete sentences with the verbs in Present Simple, active and passive.

Active: is/are – это, является, представляет собой

V / Vs – что делает (сам)?

Government is, Montesquieu is, the concept of separation of powers is, modern constitutions provide for, governments are, the legislative power belongs to, the legislature makes laws, the executive administers laws, the judiciary interprets laws, separation of powers safeguards, division of powers protects from.

Passive: is/are Ved (3f) – что делается?

(c лицом или предметом, выраженным подлежащим):

e. g. he is elected – он избирается / он избран / его избирают

Division is made by; establishment of legislative, executive and judiciary is provided for by; functions are performed by; the legislative power is exercised by; laws are made by; the executive power is exercised by; laws are administered by; the judicial power is vested in; laws are enforced by; liberty is safeguarded by; power is protected from.

VII. Scan the text and find information about:

  • the man who made the first separation of powers;

  • number of elements of the government.