XXI. Answer the questions.

1. What elements does the United Kingdom judicial system consist of?

2. What institution is responsible for administration of the court system?

3. What is a court?

4. What is the highest court in the UK?

5. What was the highest court before 2009?

6. What authorities does the Supreme Court have?

7. What types of courts deal with civil cases?

8. What courts have original jurisdiction in civil justice?

9. What cases does the High Court cases?

10. What types of courts handle criminal hear?

11. What courts hear criminal cases at first instance?

12. What cases does the Crown court deal with?

13. Where are appeals from civil and criminal courts heard?

14. What are the two types of lawyers in the UK?

15. What do solicitors do?

16. What is the job of barristers?

17. What are the ways of solving legal problems without court action?

READING COMPREHENTION

1. Прочитайте внимательно заголовок и просмотрите бегло текст для того, чтобы получить общее представление о его содержании.

2. Прочитайте внимательно пункт задания на сопоставление имеющиеся информации. Найдите те места в тексте, где приводится требующаяся информация.

3. Внимательно прочитайте каждый отрывок, определите очередность представленной информации и выберите соответствующие ответы. Обратите внимание на то, что некоторые ответы могут подходить для обеих категорий.

4. Внимательно изучите задание на аббревиатуры. Отыщите те предложения в тексте, где дается расширенная информация о предмете. Выпишите полную расшифровку аббревиатуры. Затем выберите соответствующую категорию для предлагаемых аббревиатур.

5. Внимательно просмотрите выполненные задания и сопоставьте с информацией текста.

XXII. Read the text and do the tasks after it. Legal Education in England, Wales and Northern Ireland

Requirements for becoming a lawyer in England and Wales and in Northern Ireland differ slightly depending on whether the individual plans to become a solicitor or barrister. All prospective lawyers must first however possess a qualifying law degree, completed a conversion course. A qualifying law degree in the England and Wales consists of seven modules drawn from the following subject areas: Public law (constltutional / adminstrative), European Union law, Procedural Law (including law of evidence), Criminal law, Law of obligations (contract, restitution, and tort), Properly law (real property), Trusts and equity.

Following graduation, the paths towards qualification as a solicitor or barrister diverge. Prospective solicitors must enroll with the Law Society of England and Wales as a student member and take a one-year course called the Legal Practice Course (LPC), usually followed by two years’ apprenticeship, known as a training contract. Prospective barristers instead complete the one-year Bar Vocational Course (BVC), followed by a year training in a set of barristers’ chambers, known as pupilage.

Universities offer undergraduate degrees of Bachelor of Laws (LL.B) and postgraduate degrees of Master of Laws (LL.M).

1. Match the following information.

1. Solicitor’s path to qualification: ____, ____, ____.

2. Barristor’s path to qualification: ____, ____, ____.

a. qualifying degree,

b. BVC,

c. two years’ apprenticeship or a training contract,

d. LPC,

e.g. year training in a set of barristers’ chambers or pupilage.

2. What do these abbreviations stand for?

1. LL.B

2. LL.M

3. LPC

4. BVC

What do they mean?

1. course for barristers с. course for solicitors

2. postgraduate degree d. undergraduate degree

CHECK YOUR WORDS AND GRAMMAR

1. Подберите к подчеркнутым словам синонимы.

a. issues, b. hear, c. original jurisdiction, d. plead, c. deals with

1. The Supreme Court hears appeals from lower courts. 2. County courts handle cases involving family problems. 3. Court of first instance hear cases of divorce, custody, adoption. 4. Magistrate’s courts handle criminal cases. 5. Barristers represent clients in higher courts.

2. Выберите подходящий по смыслу глагол.

a. prevent, b. have, c. solved, d. conduct, e. enforce

1. Courts ____ punishment. 2. Courts ____ wrongs. 3. Legal problems can be _____ without court action. 4. Solicitors _____ litigation by making application to the court. 5. Crown courts ____ authority to hear more serious cases.

3. Выберите подходящий суффикс.

a. –al, b. –ment, c. –ing, d. –tion .

1. HMCS is responsible for (administer) of court system. 2. County courts have (origin) jurisdiction. 3. Barristers specialize in (represent) clients in higher courts. 4. There are other ways of (solve) legal problems. 5. A court is established to enforce (punish).

4. Выберите подходящий предлог.

a. to, b. by, c. of, d. without, e. with

1. Courts deal ____ either civil or criminal cases. 2. Solicitors make applications ____ the courts. 3. There are a number ____ ways of solving legal disputes. 4. Legal problems can be solved ____ court action. 5. A court is a tribunal established ____ government.

5. Выберите соответствующую форму глагола.

a. V, b. Vs, c. Ved(2f), d. will V, e. is Ved(3f), f. are ved(3f), g. was Ved(3f), h. were Ved(3f), i. will be Ved(3f)

1. The Supreme Court (take) the duties vested in the House of Lord in 2009. 2. Civil justice (deal) way by the county courts and the High Court. 3. The UK Supreme Court (creat) by Constitution Reform Act 2005. 4. Barristers (represent) clients in higher courts. 5. Cases (appeal) to the Court of Appeal.