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XXIII. Ответьте на следующие вопросы по теме.

  1. What is the political system of the USA?

  2. Who is the head of the state?

  3. What period is he elected for?

  4. What are the levels of government in the USA?

  5. What branches represent the federal level of government?

  6. What institution does the legislative power belong to?

  7. How many chambers are there in Congress? What are they?

  8. How many Senators does the Senate comprise?

  9. What period are they elected for?

  10. How many representatives does the House of Representatives comprise?

  11. What period are they elected for?

  12. What does Congress do?

  13. Whom does the executive power belong to?

  14. Who is the head of it?

  15. Whom are the members of the Cabinet appointed by?

  16. What is the judicial power at the federal level represented by?

  17. What bodies is state government represented by?

  18. What are state governments responsible for?

  19. What are the tiers of local government?

  20. What bodies govern counties?

  21. What do they run?

  22. What bodies govern municipalities?

  23. What are their responsibilities?

READING COMPREHENTION

    1. Внимательно прочитайте задание.

    2. Прочитайте заголовок и бегло просмотрите текст, чтобы получить общее представление о его содержании.

    3. Прочитайте пункт задания, связанный с цифрами. Найдите в тексте те места, где они присутствуют. Прочитайте внимательно соответствующее предложение и выберите вариант ответа.

    4. Прочитайте пункт задания на расположение утверждений в соответствии с последовательностью текста. Определите часть текста, содержащую требующуюся информацию. Прочитайте внимательно каждую порцию информации последовательно, сопровождая поиском наиболее близкого по смыслу (слова могут быть другими) варианта ответа.

    5. Прочитайте пункт задания на завершение предложения, обращая внимание на каждый вариант ответа. Найдите соответствующую информацию в тексте. Выберите ответ, который представляет наиболее полный, обстоятельный вариант, а не отдельные аспекты.

    6. Просмотрите текст ещё раз и убедитесь, что выбранные вами ответы соответствуют его содержанию.

XXIV. Read the text and do the tasks after it. The Constitution of the United States

The U.S. Constitution is the highest law of the land. It was adopted in 1787. The document includes Preamble, 7 articles, and 27 amendments. Integral to the Constitution are the principles of limited government, the separation of powers, the system of checks and balances.

Article I. Says that legislative power is vested in Congress consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

Article II. Tells that the executive power is vested in the President of the United States of America. He together with the Vice President must be elected for the term of four years.

Article III. Says that the judicial power of the United States must be vested in the Supreme Court. The courts can review some laws and declare them unconstitutional. The courts listen to problems protecting the Constitutional rights of the people.

Article IV. Tells that states have a republican form of government. All states must respect the laws of other states. If Congress says okay, new States can become part of the U.S.

Article V. Tells that three fourths of the States must say okay to an amendment.

Article VI. Gas that the Constitution is the supreme law of the U.S.

Article VII. Tells that three fourths must say okay to the Constitution. There were only 13 states in 1787.

The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution are called the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights was adopted in 1791. It defines and guaranties the fundamental rights and liberties of all Americans, including the freedoms of religion, speech, press and other rights.

The Founding Fathers who played a prominent role in the fight against the British Crown and signing the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Constitution are George Washington, James Madison (called the father of the Constitution), Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton and others.

The United States Constitution is the oldest written constitution still in use by any nation in the world.