Vocabulary

Read and translate these sentences into Russian so as to have a better idea of how these words can be used.

smash v, smash n, smash-up n, smashing adj

1.1 dropped the glass and it smashed (разбился вдребезги).

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2. We heard the smash of plates in the kitchen.

3. The police claim to have smashed another criminal group.

4. Jimmy smashed up his car on the motorway.

5. He smashed his fist down on the table and demanded immediate service.

6. If a new play (book, film, etc) is a 'smash hit', it is a great success, e.g. I predict this play will be the smash hit of the season (= ...will have a smashing success).

7. A 'smash-up' is a serious road or railway accident.

e.g. Three people were seriously injured in the smash-up.

star v, n

1. She has a starring role in a new TV show.

2. Dustin Hoffman starred in a lot of very good films.

3. She became a film star at the age of ten.

cope (with) v

1.1 wonder how you cope with three small children on your own?

2. She couldn't cope with her feelings and burst into tears.

3. The factory coped with the sudden increase in demand without any problems.

distort v, distorted adj, distortion n

1. The newspaper gave a distorted account of what had happened.

2. The journalist was accused of having distorted the facts.

3. His face was distorted with anger.

4. He said it was a deliberate distortion of what he had said.

keep up (phrasal verb)

1.1 need to buy a belt to keep my jeans up.

2. Her job is to keep up correspondence with the foreign partners.

3. Keep up the good work.

4. How do you keep up your English?

5. It's a good project. Keep it up, don't stop!

6. I can't keep up with all these changes in fashion!

2. 'Keep up appearances' means to behave in an ordinary way when one is in a difficult situation.

3. He did his best to keep up appearances and pretend that nothing terrible had happened.

4. 'To keep up with the Joneses' means to compete with one's neigh­ bours/friends/ acquaintances socially, especially by buying the same expensive new things that they buy.

e.g. Oh, she only bought those new curtains to keep up with the Joneses!

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revert v

1. We shall not fail to revert to your enquiry.

2. After the settlers left, the land gradually reverted to (снова преврати­ лась) desert.

3. He has changed a lot. I hope he won't revert to his old habits.

4. When the owner dies his collection will revert to the state.

apology n, apologize v

1. Please, accept our apologies for any inconvenience we have caused.

2. I owe you an apology. I was rather bad-tempered yesterday.

3. The Director sends his apologies for being unable to attend the meeting.

4. I must apologize for not replying to your letter sooner.

5. She kept us waiting for more than an hour and didn't even apologize!

6. You'd better apologize to him, or he'll never talk to you again!

desperate adj, desperately adv, desperation n, despair n

1. The old lady was desperate for money.

2. She confessed that she was desperate to get a job.

3. Their case seemed desperate, for there was no one to help them.

4. It was the last desperate attempt to save the company.

5. He looked around desperately (in desperation), but saw nobody to help him.

6. My noisy neighbours really drive me to despair.

abandon v

1.He abandoned (= left) his wife and children before they officially divorced.

2. The captain is always the last to abandon the ship.

3. The rescue team abandoned all hope of finding the mountaineers.

4. The game had to be abandoned (= stopped, cancelled) because of heavy rain.

intelligible adj, unintelligible adj

1. This report would only be intelligible to experts.

1. She was murmuring something unintelligible; we couldn't make anything out.

rack v, n

1. The verb 'to rack' means 'to torture', cause great mental or physical pain, or trouble.

2. Though the injuries were still racking his body, he remained calm and cheerful.

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3. She was racked by / with doubts (guilt, fears, etc).

4. 'To rack your brain(s)' means to think very hard.

e.g. I racked my brains all day but I still can't remember his first name.

5. As a noun 'rack' means a frame or shelf, which is used to hold things: a plate rack, a luggage rack, a car-roof rack.

6. Electronic books take up less space, and one rack of discs replaces a roomful of paper books.

endow v

1. 'To be endowed with sth' means to naturally have a good feature or quality.

e.g. Eliza turned out to be endowed with both looks and brains.

2. 'To endow' also means 'to donate', 'to make a donation', i.e. to give money or valuable things to people or organizations such as colleges, hospitals, research centres, etc. in order to help them.

wit n, wits n pi, witty adj

1. Wit is an ability to say things that are clever and amusing. He is a person of great wit and charm.

1. His sharp wit had them all smiling.

2. If he weren't such an unusually witty speaker, his lectures wouldn't collect such great audiences.

2. He was endowed with talent and wit by his famous parents.

3. His witty remarks are, no doubt, worth being put down.

3. 'Wits' means 'intelligence', e.g. It was a real battle of wits.

4. He didn't have enough wits to put up with his failure.

4. Mary didn't even say 'hello' when we met her at the theatre. I don't know what had happened to her. I'm at my wits end! (Ума не приложу! Я в полной растерянности!)

ridicule n, v, ridiculous adj

1. As a noun 'ridicule' means unkind laughter or remarks to make someone or something seem stupid. The corresponding verb is an action of similar meaning.

2. That idea, which used to be ridiculed, turned out to be extremely fruitful.

3. Your refusal to accept that offer is just ridiculous.

verge n, v

1. His theory was so often ridiculed that he was on the verge of giving up further work on it.

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2. In spite of all the criticism and ridicule the team felt that they were on the verge of a great discovery.

2. Twice she was on the verge of a nervous breakdown.

reflect v, reflection n, reflective adj

1. The moon reflects the sun's rays.

2. The trees on the verge of the lake were reflected in the water.

3. The value of the national currency reflects the state of the country's economy.

4. Do you think the play reflects how the author really felt about his heroes?

5. Has it ever occurred to you that the coast line of Russia's Far East is a mirror reflection of the coast line of North America?

6. 'Reflection' also means careful thought (размышление).

e.g. A moment's reflection would have shown that the speaker's main idea was absolutely wrong.

7. The expression 'on reflection' is used when you want to say that you have thought about something carefully and changed your opinion, e.g. At first I thought what they suggested was absolutely crazy, but on reflection, I realized that there was some truth in what they said.

8. The adjective 'reflective' means thinking quietly.

e.g. He was in a reflective mood and did not want to be disturbed.

revenge n, get (take) revenge (on), revengeful adj

1. Hamlet was seeking revenge for his father's murder, so he took revenge on his uncle.

2. Eliza wasn't revengeful by nature. She was just in a revengeful mood when she was inventing a punishment for Mr Higgins for his unfair attitude to her.

3. The verb 'to revenge' means to do something in revenge for harm done to someone, especially to oneself: to revenge a defeat / an injustice / an insult.

delight n, delighted adj, delightful adj

1. For the first time in my life I really appreciated all the delights of country

life. 2.1 read the book you gave me with great delight. (= I enjoyed reading the

book.)

3. It was a great delight to spend a holiday at the seaside.

4. To my delight he agreed to sing for us.

5. (I'm) delighted to meet you. I've heard so much about you.

6. Thank you for the invitation. We shall be delighted to come.

7. It was a delightful evening.

8. The delighted audience applauded loudly.

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GRAMMAR

Names of people are usually used without articles.

However the + plural surname can be used with the name of the whole

family:

the Smiths = Mr and Mrs Smith (and the children)

The + singular name can be used:

a) to distinguish one person from another of the same name.

We have two Mr Bennetts. Which do you want? - I want the Mr Bennett who signed this letter.

b) with an adjective to describe a person, the wonderful Rex Harrison.

A / an + singular name means:

a) belonging to this particular kind of person.

Lemer realized that he had found a Higgins who would act rather than sing his songs.

b) can be used before a person's name if you don't know the person yourself.

There's a Dr. Butler on the phone. Do you want to talk to him?

3 . Put a /an, the in the spaces.

1. Are we talking about... Tony Blair, who used to be the Prime Minister?

2. Have you heard that... Johnsons are moving house?

3. He realized that in Rex Harrison he had found ... Higgins, who would act rather than sing his songs.

4. I found myself sitting next to ... Bill Clinton! Not... Bill Clinton, of course, but someone with the same name.

5. That couldn't be ... Jenny Watson I went to college with. She had changed beyond recognition.

Using Passive Voice

4- Rewrite these sentences using the correct Tense of the Passive Voice. Leave the unnecessary words out.

1. Somebody introduced me to Dr. Jones last year.

2. People are destroying large areas of forests every day.

3. Somebody has bought the house next to ours.

4. When we got to the park, they were repairing the tennis court, so we couldn't play.

5. They make these artificial flowers of silk.

6. They will not admit children under six to the figure skating school.

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7. Someone has already written a special version of the book for young children.

8. People are spending far more money on food now than they used to.

HJ Questions in Passive Voice

5. Rewrite these questions using the correct Tense of the Passive Voice.

1. When did they introduce you to Mr Smith?

2. Why didn't they mend the roof in good time?

3. Who has written a special edition for young children?

4. What do you make these flowers of?

5. Why won't they allow children under sixteen to see that film?

6. Who wrote the lyrics?

7. Why didn't they lock the car?

8. Does the theatre interest you?

9. Have they sent for the doctor yet?

1 0. Had they already signed the contract when you arrived?

Modals in Passive Voice

6. Rewrite these questions using the correct Tense of the Passive Voice.

1. We must fulfil all our obligations under the contract.

2. You should learn the dialogues by heart.

3.1 have to send this message off immediately.

4. We can make all the necessary arrangements very easily.

5. They had to interrupt their discussion.

6. They may cancel all the flights because of the terrible storm.

7. They might have cancelled the flights because of the weather.

8. We'll arrange everything in good time.

9. They can't settle the matter yet.

10. They must have settled the matter yesterday.

11. They can't have settled the matter so soon.

12. They couldn't have changed the plans without letting us know.

S ome verbs (give, ask, offer, pay, show, teach, tell, etc.) can have

two objects, so two passive sentences can be made:

Active: The guests gave the boy a lot of nice presents for his birthday.

Passive: The boy was given a lot of nice presents for his birthday.

A lot of nice presents were given to the boy for his birthday.

However, most often the passive sentences begin with the person:

The boy was given a lot of nice presents for his birthday.

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Unit eight

Rewrite these sentences using Passive Voice.

1. They asked me some very difficult questions at the interview.

2. Have they shown you all their new models?

3. Nobody told me what had happened.

4. They haven't invited Jane to the party. 5.1 don't think they'll offer her the job.

6.1 think they should have offered the job to Tom.

7. They are going to pay the workers $1000 for their job.

8. They should have given the role to a younger actress.

Translate the following into English using Passive.

1. «Пигмалион» был написан Бернардом Шоу в 1913 году.

2. Название было выбрано удачно.

1. Пьеса была основана на известном мифе о кипрском короле Пиг­ малионе, который создал прекрасную статую женщины и влюбил­ ся в нее, когда работа была завершена.

2. Пьеса была сразу же высоко оценена театральными режиссерами и долго успешно шла на сценах Англии и за ее пределами.

3. Лернер был потрясен игрой Рекса Харрисона в роли профессора Хиггинса, и эта роль была предложена Харрисону в мюзикле.

3. Но кто был приглашен на роль Элизы Дулиттл?

4. Должно быть, эта роль была предложена Джулии Эндрюс.

5. Не может быть, чтобы эта роль была отдана другой актрисе.

Phrasal verbs with 'keep'

k eep ... back (from) - keep secret (скрывать (от кого-то))

keep on - continue doing (продолжать)

keep up - maintain, not allow to end or fall (поддерживать (в хорошем

состоянии))

keep up (with) - go at the same speed (не отставать)

R ewrite these sentences using phrasal verbs with 'keep' instead of the words in italics.

1. I got the feeling he was trying to keep something secret from me.

2. The little boy complained that he couldn't walk as fast as his father.

3. A lot is being done to maintain the old traditions.

4. The little girl continued reciting the poem monotonously without paying any attention to her listeners.

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0. Translate the following into English using the phrasal verbs with 'keep'.

1. Я не хочу, чтобы кто-нибудь узнал об этом происшествии. Пожа­ луйста, никому не говори об этом.

2. Шоу попытался воспроизвести манеру речи кокни, но смог про­ держаться всего несколько страниц.

1. Мода меняется так быстро, и я даже не стараюсь поспевать за ней.

3. «Не сдавайся, продолжай тренироваться, и ты добьешься успе­ ха!» - часто говорил ему тренер.

Complete the text by choosing the words from the box.

v aluable, wherever, antiques, generations, predominant, enough, mon-archs, originally, extremely, refer, handful, variety, exist, hardly

W ho are the Cockneys?*

A Cockney is a Londoner born within the sound of Bow Bells that ring out from a church, called St. Mary-le-Bow, in the East End of London. The East End, which lies to the north and east of the City of London, has always been the home of the native London working class.

Quite apart from their accent Cockney people have, over many ..., evolved a colourful, slangy mode of speech that is uniquely their own. How it all began and how far it goes back is ... difficult to say. But books on English slang ... to it and Bernard Shaw must have known it very well.

The slang derives from several sources. The most ... is rhyming slang: a word is replaced with a phrase of two or three words that rhymes with it. For example: ear - bottle of beer; dress - more or less; dog - London fog; mate (friend) - china plate; good - Robin Hood, etc. So ... rhyming slang might well have been a kind of code used by criminal groups to pass on secret information to each other.

Most native English speakers only know a ... of Cockney phrases and use them to add a bit of fun and ... to their speech.

You can hear a lot of Cockney spoken at London street markets, such as Portobello [,po:t9u'bebu] where they sell... and less ... things for collectors, and Petticoat Lane, situated in the City of London. If you go there on a Sunday morn­ing, you may be lucky ... to see a Pearly King and a Pearly Queen. They are the Cockney ... .On important days they wear special costumes, which have thou­sands of pearl buttons on them.

The Covent Garden fruit and vegetable market, that used to be next to the world-famous Covent Garden Opera House, and where Eliza Doolittle sold

* Who are the Cockneys? // Mozaika, 1974.

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her flowers, doesn't ... any longer, so you can ... hope to hear any Cockney spoken in that place. But... you go in Cockneyland you will be given a friendly welcome.

12. Here are a few anecdotes about Bernard Shaw*. Read them and look up the words you don't know in your dictionary. Then retell them using both direct and indirect speech.

A young Irish actress asked Shaw why he'd come to England instead of seeking his inspiration in Ireland, the land of his birth. "I could not stay there, dreaming my life away on the Irish hills," he explained. "England had conquered Ireland, so there was nothing for the Irish to do but come over and conquer England. Which, you will notice, I have done rather thoroughly."

"Oh, Mr Shaw, what made you ask me to dance?" a lady, who was neither young nor pretty, said to Shaw.

"This is a charity ball, isn't it?" Shaw replied.

The stout novelist G.K. Chesterton thought he had scored when he told the skinny vegetarian, "Looking at you, Shaw, one would think there was a famine in England."

"Looking at you," Shaw replied, "one would think you caused it." To go on with the verbal duel, Shaw said to Chestertone, "If I were as fat as you I'd hang myself." Replied the corpulent Chestertone in his shrill little voice, "And if I had it in mind to hang myself, I'd use you as the rope."

One perhaps well-known story has it that Eleanora Duse wrote to Shaw tell­ing him that every genetic principle cried that they should have a baby. "Think what a child it would be," she added, "with my body and your brain!"

Wrote Shaw in reply: "Think how unfortunate it would be if the child were to have my body and your brain."

* Hendrichson R. Book of Literary Anecdotes. Wordworth Reference, 1997.

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Shaw came across a book of his in a second-hand bookshop. The volume had been inscribed to a friend, beneath whose name Shaw had written: "With the compliments of George Bernard Shaw." Shaw bought the book and sent it back to his friend, writing under the original inscriptions: "With renewed compli­ments, G.B.S."

PART 2

R ead the text and make sure that you understand it. The list of new words on p. 202 will help you.

PYGMALION'S FAIR LADY

(the beginning is on p. 188)

The rest of the story is very natural - the musical became a film with practi­cally the same cast except... except Julie Andrews, as everybody had expected when Warner Brothers, the well-known Hollywood company announced that they were going to make 'a movie' (the American word for 'film') on the basis of the musical.

The actress who was invited to play Eliza Doolittle was Audrey Hepburn, who by that time had already made a name for herself after starring in several films, among them Roman Holiday (1953, an Oscar for Best Actress), War and Peace and others. She also acted on Broadway and got a Tony award given to the best plays and theatre actors.

The world was in love with Audrey Hepburn, her clothes (both for everyday life and for her roles) were made by a top Paris couturier Hubert de Givanchy, she was rich and glamourous. Many people, however, were still all for Julie An­drews whom they had seen on the stage.

While the film was being made the whole team was interviewed several times by journalists. This is what an American interviewer wrote (note the Ameri­can spelling!):

"The movie keeps the 1912 London flavor of the original show, with Rex Harrison repeating his stage role as Professor Higgins and Audrey Hepburn playing the Covent Garden guttersnipe. Rex Harrison has grown accustomed to the face of Henry Higgins, having played the irascible professor 1,006 times in the original New York and London productions. For his 1,007^th performance, he spent "a grueling six months" on the movie. Rather than use recordings of his song numbers, he did them "live", with a microphone hidden beneath his necktie, to keep them spontaneous.

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My Fair Lady may be the most profitable role ever for Audrey Hepburn. Pro­ducer Jack L. Warner paid a million dollars for her work. As the "deliciously low, horribly dirty" flower girl, she plays one of Shaw's favorite characters. "He wrote Pygmalion for the woman," says director George Cukor. "Audrey has never had a part with this range before - from violence and bawdiness to humor and romance - and she loved it." Audrey Hepburn sings in the film, too, but a pro­fessional singer's voice will be dubbed in certain songs. "I took singing lessons from a New York vocal coach and pre-recorded all of Eliza's songs," she ex­plains, "but the final result will be a blend."

The film was released in 1964 and has been extremely popular ever since. It won eight Oscars, but Audrey wasn't given one. Hollywood must have felt sorry for Julie Andrews and gave her the Oscar for her part in Mary Pop pins.

There are rumours that someone is thinking of a remake, which means that the story is thought to be of interest to new generations. It isn't clear, though, whether it is going to be a stage version or a film. Time will tell.

Names

Warner Brothers (Warner Bros.) [\уэ:пэ Audrey Hepburn ['o:dn ЪеЬз:п] Hubert de Givanchy ['hju:bat da 3i:'va:r)Ji] Covent Garden ['kDvsnt ga:dn] George Cukor [d3o:d3 'kju:ka]

New Words

cast n зд. состав исполнителей (в данном спектакле) casting распределение ролей

flavour (Br.), flavor (Am.) [Tleiva] л аромат, зд. атмосфера, изысканность

guttersnipe ['gAtssnaip] n беспризорный, уличный ребенок, дитя улицы

irascible [i'rsesibl] ad/вспыльчивый, несдержанный

gruelling (Br), grueling (Am.) ['gruslir)] adj изнурительный

beneath [bi'ni:9] prep под, ниже, adv внизу, ниже

spontaneous [spDn'temias] ad/спонтанный, одновременный, неподготов­ленный

violence [Vaiabns] n жестокость, насилие, зд. необузданность

bawdiness [todmis] n грубость, неотесанность

dub V3fl. озвучивать, дублировать

blend n смесь, зд. дубляж, совмещение

remake [,ri:'meik] л переделка, зд. римейк, новая постановка

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Questions for discussion.

1. Why do you think the American journalist wrote: "Rex Harrison has grown accustomed to the face of Henry Higgins"?

2. Have you seen the film My Fair Lady? If you have, what can you say about it? If you haven't, would you like to see it? Why? Why not?

3. How do you understand Eliza's description as the "deliciously low, horribly dirty" flower girl? Why do you think these words are in quotation marks?

4. Have you seen any other films with Audrey Hepburn?

5. Have you been to any Russian productions of musicals? What do you think of them?

EXERCISES

Find English equivalents in the text for the following (you may think of better Russian translations).

1. Однако многие были на стороне Джулии Эндрюс, которую они ви­ дели на сцене.

2. ...сыграв вспыльчивого профессора 1006 раз...

3. Вместо того чтобы использовать записи своих песен, он исполня­ ет их с микрофоном, спрятанным под галстуком, чтобы они звуча­ ли спонтанно.

4. ...никогда не играла роли с таким разнообразием состояний - от необузданности и ругани до юмора и влюбленности.

5. ...но определенные песни будут дублированы профессиональной певицей.

6. Должно быть, Голливуд сочувствовал Джулии Эндрюс...

7. ...это означает, что история, по-видимому, может быть интересна новым поколениям.