MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE NATIONAL AVIATION UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGICAL SAFETY DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Home work

The law of homologous rows in heredity variation.

Student: Nechyporchuk Alina Group IES 204 Leader: Vasylchenko O.A

Kyiv 2013

Plan

1. Introduction.

2. The Phenomena of parallel variation.

3. Variation of entire systematic families.

4. Phenotype and genotype variation.

5. Parallel variation in the distance families.

5.1Albinism.

5.2 Fasciation.

5.3 Dwarfism.

5.4 Mimicry.

5.5 Convergence.

6. References.

1.Introduction

Nikolay Vavilov (1887-1943) –one of the most outstanding scientists of the twentieth century: a biologist, geneticist, geographer, agronomist and plant breeder, specialist in plant genetic resources and evolution, organizer of science and public figure.

The activities of Vavilov were extraordinarily varied; but they

were all focusd on one single objective:«... to increase agricultural production and to provide humankind with more food».

The law of homologous series variability, developed by the Russian scientist Nikolai Vavilov.

Formulation of the Vavilov law : “Genera and species are genetically similar, characterized by similar series of genetic variation with such regularity that knowing a number of forms within a single species can anticipate finding parallel forms in other species and genera. The closer genetically located in the general system of genera and species, the more similarities in the ranks of their variability. Whole families of plants in general, characterized by a certain variability of the cycle that passes through all the genera and species that make up the family. ”

2.The Phenomena of parallel variation

The basic idea - the unity in the hereditary substance of organisms was in general philosophical development of Goethe in his "Metamorphosis of Plants", and the idea of ​​unity in diversity, Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire and Dresser. This idea, in particular after-Darwin and his influence permeates the comparative anatomy and morphology of plants and animals.

Some facts parallel genetic variation in close and distant species have long been known. Botanist Naudin said them clearly in his classic studies of pumpkin in the middle of the XIX century. Darwin, in the breadth of its coverage of evolutionary problems and a careful study of variability, could not avoid the facts parallel variation, which, as it determines from time to time (occasionally) occur in plants and animals.

In the "Origin of Species" in the chapter on compensation and savings growth Darwin emphasizes that "certain types of similar measurements reveal ¬ tion so that one species becomes a sign of a related species, or returns to the grounds of the early ancestor." In all Darwin's concept of evolution in the variability of these correctness of no further developments.

French botanist Duval Jouve has collected a large body of evidence on the variability of wild grasses, and sedges in Juncaceae «Variations paralleles des types congeneres».

Hugo De Vries in the "mutation theory" and "Pangeneze" also marks the series parallel variation.