MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE

NATIONAL AVIATION UNIVERSITY

Institute of ecological safety

DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

Home work

Methods of genetic analysis

Student : Marina Abramova

Group IES 204

Leader: Vasylchenko O.A

Kyiv 2013

Plan

1. The concept of genetic analysis.

2. Objects and objectives genetic analysis.

3. Methods for genetic research

3.1. Hybridological method

3.2. Genealogical method

3.3. Population-statistical method

3.4. Cytogenetic method

3.5. Biochemical method

3.6. Twins method

Conclusions

1. The concept of genetic analysis.

Genetic analysis (from the Greek. Genesis - origin of) - analysis of the object using a genetic method - a method of study of phenomena and processes, which includes the analysis of their origin, formation and development. It implies the construction of the variety of phenomena to fundamental, basic elements, bringing new state phenomena based on analysis using a genetic method.

2. Objects and objectives genetic analysis.

Genetic analysis is the overall process of studying and researching in fields of science that involve genetics and molecular biology. There are a number of applications that are developed from this research and these are also considered parts of the process. The base system of analysis revolves around general genetics. Basic studies include identification of genes and inherited disorders. This research has been conducted for centuries on both a large-scale physical observation basis and on a more microscopic scale.

Much of the research that set the foundation of genetic analysis began in prehistoric times. Early humans found that they could practice selective breeding to improve crops and animals. They also identified inherited traits in humans that were eliminated over the years.

Modern genetic analysis began in the middle of 1800 with research conducted by Gregor Mendel. Lacking the basic understanding of heredity, Mendel observed various organisms and found that traits were inherited from parents and those traits could vary between children. Later, it was found that units within each cell are responsible for these traits. These units are called genes. Each gene is defined by a series of amino acids that create proteins responsible for genetic traits.

The objects of genetic analysis is prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Research conducted by genetic modeling. Genetic studies carried out in several key areas: learning material carriers of genetic information - the genes and patterns of seed storage and transfer, research based manifestations of genetic information in the phenotype of certain environmental conditions, establishing the causes of changes in genetic information and the mechanisms of their origin, the study of genetic processes that occur in populations of organisms.

Fig.1: Chromosome and its kind in the DNA

Results of genetic studies problems of heredity and variation is the theoretical basis for solving practical problems. The basis of modern plant breeding (the science of creating new breeds and varieties) serve understanding of the genetic effects of different types of crosses, the effect of artificial selection on heritable characteristics of organisms, the importance of environmental factors for the development of signs and more. The main goals of medical genetics - Prevention and treatment of hereditary diseases, the study of mutagenic factors to protect against human genotype others. Genetics is the theoretical basis for genetic (genetic) engineering (artificial synthesis genes, selection genes of an organism, the transfer of genes from one organism to another, etc.).