Reading and developing speaking skills

Ex. 5. Read VOCABULARY and memorize new words.

Ex. 6. Compose 2-3 sentences using the words of the VOCABULARY.

Ex. 7. Insert the missing letters:

Ma_ure; estation; fertiliation; embro; femle; fets; pregnany; pacenta; sensitve.

Ex. 8. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:

Pregnancy; a growing fetus; pregnant female; embryo; the embryo is sensitive to assaults; burrow; rudiments of a spinal cord; arm and leg buds; gestational week; it can kick; less transparent; beyond the fingers.

Ex. 9. Read the following words and word-combinations:

Initial; para; similarly; particularly; doubling; miniature; previous; beyond vertebrae; more noticeable; trimester; heart.

Embryo at 4 weeks after fertilization

Fetus at 8 weeks after fertilization

Fetus at 18 weeks after fertilization

Fetus at 38 weeks after fertilization

Development of Fetus

Ex. 10. Read and memorize the following medical terms and their definitions:

embryo – conceptus between time of fertilization to 10 weeks of gestation

fetus – from 10 weeks of gestation to time of birth

gravidity (G) – number of times the woman has been pregnant

infant – time of birth to 1 year of age

preterm infant – delivered between 24-37 weeks

previable infant – delivered prior to 24 weeks

term infant – delivered between 37-42 weeks

first trimester – up to 14 weeks of gestation

second trimester – 14 to 28 weeks of gestation

third trimester – 28th week to delivery (пологи)

full term refers to the end of 36 weeks (nine months) from the first day of the woman's last menstrual period – the end of gestation. If a woman gives birth earlier than this, it is classed as a premature birth.

Ex. 11. Read the following text:

Pregnancy

Pregnancy is the term used to describe when a woman has a growing fetus inside of her. Human pregnancy lasts about 40 weeks, or just more than 9 months. The medical term for a pregnant female is gravida, which is a word rarely used in common speech. The term embryo is used to describe the developing human during the initial weeks, and the term fetus is used from about two months of development until birth. A woman who is pregnant for the first time is known medically as a primigravida or "gravida 1", while a woman who has never been pregnant is known as "gravida 0". Similarly, the terms "para 0", "para 1" and so on are used for the number of times a woman has given birth.

Pregnancy is typically divided into three periods, or trimesters. Trimester means about three months.

First Trimester

The first 3 months of fetal development are in many ways the most important. During this time, all the major organs in the body are formed. The embryo is particularly sensitive to assaults from the outside. By the end of this period the baby is not more than 3 inches long and weighs little more than 1 ounce. The time from fertilization to implantation in the uterus is about 5 to 7 days. After burrowing deep within the uterus, the egg begins to grow, doubling in size every day. The placenta has begun to form. In another week, the rudiments of a spinal cord are evident and, within days, five to eight vertebrae are in place. In addition, the eyes and heart have begun to form. Over the next few weeks the components of a human being develop, although at first the human baby is similar in appearance to the developing babies of some other mammals. The heart begins to form, as does the intestinal tract. At the end of the sixth week the brain becomes more noticeable, and arm and leg buds begin to appear. By the seventh week, the chest and abdomen are fully formed and the lungs are beginning to develop. The baby’s face and features are forming in the eight gestational week. Fingers and toes are beginning to develop. At the end of the second month of pregnancy, the baby looks like a human infant, albeit in miniature. By the tenth week, the baby’s face is well developed. The heart has four chambers and beats 120 to 160 beats per minute. At this point, the embryo is considered a fetus.

Second Trimester.

During the second trimester the fetus grows and the organs formed during the previous weeks mature. At 13 weeks the fetus can kick and move its toes. The mouth can open and close, and the fetus is capable of bending its arms and a fist. The fetus’s skin is slightly pink and less transparent than it was previously. Fine hair covers the entire body. The first eyelashes and eyebrows begin to appear. Once month later, the fetus may have hair in its head. It is now 12 inches long and weighs about 1 pound.

Third Trimester.

The fetus takes on most of its weight during its last 13 weeks of development. The baby is covered with a thick white protective coating called vernix. The infant’s eyes are open, and a baby born at this time can cry weakly and move its limbs. The infant now weighs 3 pounds 12 ounces. The skin may or may not still be covered with vernix. Most of the body hair is gone, although the shoulders and arms may still have a light covering. The fingernails and toenails may extend beyond the fingers and toes.

Ex. 12. Translate the following words and word-combinations into English:

Прозорий; триместр, тримісячний термін; дозрівати|достигати,спіти|, розвиватися; плід; вагітність; зародок, ембріон; сироподібна змазка, першородна змазка|змащування|; вагітна; помітний; з'являтися|появлятися|; чутливий; брунька, зачаток|брунька|; запліднення; грудна клітка; черевна порожнина; ділитися, підрозділятися; закривати|зачиняти|(ся|ся|); покривати.

Ex. 13. Translate the text “Pregnancy” into Ukrainian.

Ex. 14. Insert the missing words:

1. Human _ lasts about 40 weeks, or just more than 9 months. 2. Pregnancy is typically _ into three periods, or _, each of about three months. 3. The first 3 months of _ development are the most important. 4. During this time, all the major organs in the body are _. 5. The eyes and _ have begun to form. 6. At the end of the sixth week the brain becomes more _, and arm and leg _begin to appear. 7. By the seventh week, the _ and abdomen are fully formed and the lungs are beginning to develop. 8. During the second trimester the fetus grows and the organs formed during the previous weeks _. 9. At 13 weeks the fetus can _ and move its toes. 10. The mouth can open and _. 11. The fetus is capable of bending its _ and a fist. 12. Fine hair _ the entire body. 13. The first eyelashes and eyebrows begin to _. 14. During the third _ the infant’s eyes are open.

Ex. 15. Answer the following questions:

1. What does a term “pregnancy” mean? 2. How many periods is pregnancy divided into? 3. When are all the major organs in the body formed? 4. What organs and parts of the body are formed during the first trimester? 5. How can you characterize the fetus growth during the second trimester? 6. What is the weight of infant during the third trimester?

Ex. 16. Write out key words of the text “Pregnancy”.

Ex. 17. Make up a plan of the text “Pregnancy”.

Ex. 18. Speak on the pregnancy.

Ex. 19. Make up a dialogue on pregnancy.

Ex. 20. Pronounce and memorize the words to the theme studied:

Contribute [kqn'trIbju:t] сприяти; spina bifida розщеплений хребет, розщеплення хребта; abundant багатий, такий, що є|наявний| удосталь; intolerant [In'tOlqr(q)nt] що не переносить; lactose ['lxktqus] лактоза, молочний цукор; salmon ['sxmqn] лосось; сьомга; trout [traut] форель; tuna ['tu:nq] тунець; herring оселедець; mackerel ['mxkr(q)l] скумбрія; intake ['InteIk] поглинання, споживання; swordfish меч-риба; mercury ['mq:kjurI] ртуть.

Ex. 21. Read the following text and find some facts to explain the importance of rational feeding for pregnant woman.