- •Contents
- •Передмова
- •Immune system
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Simple tenses (revision)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Immune system
- •Immunity
- •Overview
- •Lesson 35
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Overview
- •Lesson 36
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Infinitive and its forms
- •Інфінітив у формі|у формі| Continuous| виражає тривалу дію, що відбувається одночасно з дією, вираженою дієсловом-присудком:
- •Інфінітив у формі|у формі| Perfect| виражає|виказує,висловлює| дію, що передує дії, вираженій дієсловом-присудком:
- •Subjective infinitive construction
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Endocrine system
- •Ex. 16. Translate the text “Endocrine System” into Ukrainian.
- •Endocrine glands
- •Functions of hormones
- •Ex. 34. Speak on the some endocrine glands using obtained data. You may use the following expressions:
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Hormonal problems
- •Ex. 7. Translate the text “Hormonal Problems” into Ukrainian.
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar:
- •Objective infinitive construction
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Diabetes mellitus
- •Insulin injection
- •Medication
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Drugs: their main characteristics and forms
- •Routes of Drug Administration
- •Adverse drug reaction
- •Drug classes
- •Proper use of medicine
- •Vitamins
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Forms of gerund
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Vitamins
- •Importance of vitamin d
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 9. Read the following text: medicinal herbs
- •The using of medicinal herbs
- •Treating by medicinal herbs
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building conversion
- •Grammar:
- •Reading and developing skills
- •Antibiotics
- •Ex. 18. Make up a dialogue on antibiotics.
- •Penicillin
- •Lesson 43
- •I. Read and translate one of the following texts: Text a thyroid diseases
- •Allergy
- •Text c medicinal herbs
- •Text d antibiotics
- •Text e history of antibiotics
- •Text f side effects
- •II. Speak on the following topics:
- •Word-building
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Nervous system
- •Various forms of nerve cells.
- •Spinal cord
- •Overview
- •Lesson 45
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Sequence of tenses
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 20. Read the following abstract and write down all unknown medical terms. Translate them with the aid of dictionary. Tell about the hypothalamic functions: hypothalamus
- •Human brain and its functions
- •What is wonderful about the brain?
- •Overview
- •Lesson 46
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Disorders of nervous system
- •Infections
- •Ex. 8. Read and memorize the following words:
- •Degenerative disorders
- •Ex. 16. Write the summary of the text "Degenerative Disorders" overview
- •Lesson 47
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Adverbs
- •Reading and developing speaking skills Ex. 4. Read the vocabulary and memorize new words. Ex. 5. Insert the missing letters, read the following words and translate them:
- •Accessory structures
- •Eye placement
- •Overview
- •Lesson 48
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Noun as attribute
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ear disorders
- •Communicating with a hearing-impaired person
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Forms of participle
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •What is your skin type
- •Ex. 26. Read and translate the following text: skin disorders
- •Lesson 50
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Absolute participle construction
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Respiratory system
- •Normal ventilation
- •Smoking
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar: absolute participle construction
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Respiratory disorders
- •Tracheobronchitis and bronchitis
- •Disorders of the sinuses and throat
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Construction “it is (was, will be ) … that (who, whom)”
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Overview
- •Lesson 53
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Infectious diseases and their types
- •Subgroups of the infectious diseases
- •Overview
- •Text a tuberculosis
- •Disorders of vision
- •Bronchitis
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Objective participle construction
- •The Objective Participle Construction перекладається підрядним реченням зі сполучником “як”: I saw them walking along the street. Я бачив, як вони йшли по вулиці.
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Urinary system
- •Ex. 20. Make up a dialogue on the urinary system.
- •Functions of urinary system
- •Fluid excretion
- •Kidneys
- •Ex. 26. Describe the structure of kidney using the following figure:
- •Ex. 27 Describe kidneys’ functions. The following expressions may be helpful:
- •Ex. 28. Write the summary of the text "Kidneys".
- •Overview
- •Lesson 56
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Functions of the verb “to have”
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Kidneys disorders
- •Kidney stones
- •Ex. 23. Pronounce and memorize the words to the theme studied:
- •Kidney transplantation
- •Overview
- •Lesson 57
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Functions of the verb “to be”
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 8. Read and memorize the following terms:
- •Warning signs and cancer risk factors
- •New methods to fight cancer
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Interrogative form
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 8. Translate the following words into English:
- •Stomach tumor
- •Ex. 18. Give a summary of the text “Stomach Tumor”.
- •Lung cancer
- •Tumors of the small intestine
- •Cancer of the kidney
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Pregnancy
- •Food and nutrition during pregnancy
- •Development of the organ systems
- •Endocrine system
- •Cardiovascular system
- •Respiratory system
- •Urinary system
- •Reproductive system
- •Prenatal care
- •Signs of pregnancy
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar: simple tenses (revision)
- •Reading and developing skills
- •Death; embryo; adolescent; occur; amount; achieve; subsequent; myelin sheath; push; raise; grasp; listen; quietly; laugh; loud.
- •First year after birth
- •Development during the preschool years
- •School years
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 1. Translate the following words paying attention to the parts of speech:
- •Interrogative form
- •Reading and developing reading skills
- •Newborn’s nutrition
- •Breast feeding
- •Infant’s nutrition
- •Nutrition of preschool child
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar: modal verbs (revision)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Childhood infectious diseases
- •Chickenpox
- •Immunization
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Grammar:
- •Infinitive constructions and participles (revision)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Measles
- •Complications of measles
- •Some notions about measles
- •I. Read and translate one of the following texts: Text a female reproductive system
- •Male reproductive system
- •Infertility
- •Breast cancer
- •Whooping cough
- •Treatment for whooping cough
- •II. Speak on the following topics:
- •Appendix 1
- •Irregular verbs
- •Appendix 2 suffixes and term-elements
- •Term elements of greek and latin origin greek, latin, english and ukrainian equivalents
- •Короткий довідник з правил словотворення
- •Найуживаніші суфікси англійської мови:
- •Основні префікси:
- •Practical grammar guide
- •(Короткий граматичний довідник)
- •Іменник
- •(Cases)
- •Артикль (article)
- •Займенники (pronouns)
- •Прикметник (adjective)
- •Найвищий ступінь порівняння прикметників (Superlative Degree)
- •Порядок слів у реченні.
- •Побудова розповідних і питальних речень
- •Способи визначення присудка в англійському реченні
- •Неозначено-особові речення
- •Безособові речення.
- •Форми дієслова forms of the verb
- •Часи групи simple (indefinite) present simple
- •Past simple
- •Future simple
- •Simple tenses
- •Часи групи continuous
- •Present continuous
- •Past continuous
- •Future continuous
- •Continuous tenses
- •Perfect tenses
- •Present perfect
- •Past perfect
- •Future perfect
- •Perfect tenses
- •Стан дієслова
- •Passive voice
- •Зведена таблиця часів стверджувальної форми
- •Зведена таблиця питальної форми
- •Interrogative form
- •Дієслова to be та to have
- •Ознаки функціональної відмінності дієслова to be
- •Модальні дієслова (modal verbs)
- •Модальне дієслово can
- •Модальне дієслово could
- •Модальне дієслово may
- •Модальне дієслово must
- •Ознаки розпізнавання граматичних форм, утворених за допомогою допоміжних дієслів should I would
- •Підрядні додаткові та означальні речення (object clauses)
- •Виділення членів речення за допомогою підсилювальної конструкції it is (was, will be) ... That (who, which)
- •Умовний спосіб
- •(Infinitive)
- •Форми інфінітива
- •Суб’єктний інфінітивний комплекс
- •Об’єктний інфінітивний комплекс (Objective Infinitive Construction)
- •Дієприкметник (participle)
- •Форми дієприкметника Forms of Participle
- •Об’єктний дієприкметниковий комплекс (Objective Participle Construction)
- •The Objective Participle Construction перекладається підрядним реченням зі сполучником “як”: I saw them walking along the street. – я бачив, як вони йшли по вулиці. Герундій (gerund)
- •Форми герундія
- •Герундіальний комплекс (зворот) (Gerund Construction)
- •Узгодження часів у підрядному додатковому реченні
- •Vocabulary список використаної літератури
- •О.О. Пісоцька і.В. Знаменська в.Г. Костенко
Immune system
Vocabulary
past [pAst] мимо; за, по той бік defense [dI'fens] захист humoral ['hju:m(q)rql] гуморальний, опосередкований антитілами cell-mediated ["sel'medIeItId] клітинно-опосередкований parasite ['pxrqsQIt] паразит derive [dI'rQIv] виводити; отримувати; добувати; породжувати derived [dI'raIvd] похідний, вторинний thymus gland ['TQImqs 'glxnd] тимус, вилочкова (зобна) залоза dissolved [dI'zOlvd] розчинений transparent [trxns'pFqr(q)nt] прозорий germ [Gq:m] мікроорганізм |
recover [rI'kAvq] відновлювати; видужувати suppress [sq'pres] припиняти; стримувати eliminate [I'lImIneIt] знищувати, ліквідувати in response to [rIs'pOns] у відповідь на exposure [Iks'pquZq] зараження, контакт з джерелом зараження; стимуляція; експозиція majority [mq'GOrItI] більшість encounter [In'kQuntq] наштовхнутися engulf [In'gAlf] поглинати fungi (sing. fungus) ['fAnGaI] гриби; грибки protozoa ["prqutqu'zqu] протозоа, прості одноклітинні тваринні організми helminth ['helmInT] глист, паразитний глист |
Word-building
Ex. 1. Familiarize yourself with the following material:
Prefixes and term-elements:
inter- (between)
intra- (within)
macro- (large)
Ex. 2. Read and translate the following words:
A. Intercellular, interspersed, interdependence; intercostal; interaction; international; interrelate; intermediate; interphase.
B. Intracellular, intravenous; intramuscular; intracranial; intracardiac; intrapleural; intrathoracic; intraspinal.
C. Macrocephalia; macromolecule; macrophage.
Grammar:
Ex. 3. Familiarize yourself with the data of the following table:
Simple tenses (revision)
Tense |
Active Voice |
Passive Voice |
Present |
V, V+s |
am (is, are) + V3 |
Past |
V2 |
was (were) + V3 |
Future |
will (shall) + V |
will (shall) + be + V3 |
Ex. 4. Insert the correct forms of the verbs and translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
1. Immune system (to design) by nature millions of years ago to aid the body in recovering from injuries and illnesses. 2. The lymph (to flow) from the capillaries in all parts of the body into the lymphatic vessels. 3. Although we (to inhale) and (to eat) thousands of germs every day, the immune system (to prevent) the spread of various diseases. 4. We (to bear) with a genetically based natural defense system. 5. Diabetes (to occur) when the cells in the pancreas are destroyed. 6. Your immune system (to need) help to function at the highest capacity. 7. Sticky mucus in respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts (to trap) many microorganisms.
Ex. 5. Determine the tense-forms of the predicates in the following sentences:
1. Foreign substances enter the body and cause the manufacture of antibodies. 2. Various bacteria live in the nose and mouth. 3. An anaerobe is a microorganism that can live without oxygen, while an aerobe requires oxygen. 4. Some macrophages are concentrated in the lungs, liver, lining of the lymph nodes and spleen. 5. B cells are produced in the stem cells of the bone marrow. 6. Phagocytes dissolve and destroy bacteria, viruses, and fungi. 7. The lymph nodes are usually distributed in groups.