Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
Compendium UNIT 6-12.docx
Скачиваний:
0
Добавлен:
01.04.2025
Размер:
2.66 Mб
Скачать

Unit 12 Management information systems

TEXT 1

1. Make an outline of the text.

Information systems might differ wildly in form and application but essentially they serve a common purpose which is to convert data into meaningful information which in turn enables the organisation to build knowledge:

Data is unprocessed facts and figures without any added interpretation or analysis. “The price of crude oil is $80 per barrel.”

Information is data that has been interpreted so that it has meaning for the user. “The price of crude oil has risen from $70 to $80 per barrel” gives meaning to the data and so is said to be information to someone who tracks oil prices.

Knowledge is a combination of information, experience and insight that may benefit the individual or the organisation. “When crude oil prices go up by $10 per barrel, it’s likely that petrol prices will rise by 2p per litre” is knowledge.

The boundaries between the three terms are not always clear. What is data to one person is information to someone else. To a commodities trader for example, slight changes in the sea of numbers on a computer screen convey messages which act as information that enables a trader to take action. To almost anyone else they would look like raw data. What matters are the concepts and your ability to use data to build meaningful information and knowledge.

From: media.techtarget.com

2. Read the definitions and find corresponding words or expressions.

  1. computer software

  2. particular use something has

  3. an imaginary point separating two different qualities, ideas etc

  4. to perform operations (e.g., handling, merging, sorting, and computing) upon data in accordance with strictly defined procedures

  5. to change something into something else

  6. to communicate ideas, feelings etc indirectly

  7. not interpreted facts and figures

  8. an understanding of the true nature of something

  9. consisting of facts that have not been examined or organised

3. Think of an appropriate title for the text.

4. Explain the difference between data, information and knowledge, providing examples from the sphere of management.

TEXT 2

1. Make an outline of the text.

Informix, a software development company, carried out a survey in 1999 to examine how decisions are made in different organisations around the world, and to find out how well the available information, in all its forms, supported the decision making process.

A general finding was that managers, even when they are supported by a multitude of different information sources, find decision making extremely stressful. Most of these managers quoted examples of major decisions that were made incorrectly in the previous six months, and the larger the organisation, the more likely it was to have had a problem. Among the most important negative effects on decision making was using limited, incorrect or misinterpreted data. Some key findings of the survey:

♦ 32 per cent of the sample had made an important business decision in the past six months based on hope or luck.

♦ 33 per cent of managers ignore relevant data either when making a decision in the first place or when it becomes apparent that a decision has been incorrect.

♦ the single biggest cause of stress in decision making is a lack of information.

From: media.techtarget.com

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]