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Текст
IT and computer science
Information Technology means the use of hardware, software, services, and supporting infrastructure to manage and deliver information using voice, data, and video.
To further define information technology and what should be included as far as the IT budget, the following information is provided: Information Technology includes:
all computers with a human interface
all computer peripherals which will not operate unless connected to a computer or network all voice, video and data networks and the equipment, staff and purchased services necessary to operate them all salary and benefits for staff whose job descriptions specifically includes technology functions, i.e. network services, applications development, systems administration all technology services provided by vendors or contractors operating costs associated with providing information technology
Examples of Information Technology:
Telephone and radio equipment and switches used for voice communications.
Traditional computer applications that include data storage and programs to input, process, and output the data.
Software and support for office automation systems such as word processing and spreadsheets, as well as the computer to run them.
Users' PCs and software.
Server hardware and software used to support applications such as electronic mail/groupware, file and print services, database,
application/ web servers, storage systems, and other hosting services.
Data, voice, and video networks and all associated communications equipment and software.
Computer science is the study of computers – namely, their design (architecture) and their uses for computations, data processing, and systems control. Computer science includes engineering activities such as the design of computers and of the hardware and software that make up computer systems. The field also encompasses theoretical, mathematical activities, such as the design and analysis of algorithms, performance studies of systems and their components by means of techniques like queuing theory, and the estimation of the reliability and availability of systems by probabilistic techniques. Since computer systems are often too large and complicated to allow one to predict the failure or success of a design without testing it, experimentation is incorporated into their development cycle. Computer science is generally considered a discipline separate from computer engineering, although the two disciplines overlap extensively in the area of computer architecture, which is the design (and study) of computer systems.
The major subdisciplines of computer science have traditionally been architecture (including all levels of hardware design, as well as the integration of hardware and software components to form computer systems), software (the programs, or sets of instructions, that tell a computer how to carry out tasks), here subdivided into software engineering, programming languages, operating systems, information systems and databases, artificial intelligence, and computer graphics, and theory, which includes computational methods and numerical analysis on the one hand and data structures and algorithms on the other.
