МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ

ХАРКІВСЬКА НАЦІОНАЛЬНА АКАДЕМІЯ МІСЬКОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА

МЕТОДИЧНІ ВКАЗІВКИ ДО ПРАКТИЧНИХ ЗАНЯТЬ

З АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ

(для студентів 1-2 курсу денної форми навчання за спеціальністю 6.120100- “Архітектура” (експеримент)

Харків – ХНАМГ-2007

Методичні вказівки до практичних занять з англійської мови (для студентів 1-2 курсу денної форми навчання за спеціальністю 6.120100 – “Архітектура” (експеримент). Укл.: Гречанікова С.В., Міщенко К.О. - Харків: ХНАМГ, 2007 – 71с.

Укладачі: С.В. Гречанікова, К.О. Міщенко.

Рецензент: Ільєнко О.Л., к. ф. н., доцент кафедри іноземних мов ХНАМГ

Рекомендовано кафедрою іноземних мов, протокол №9 від 25.05.2007р.

Introduction

The course is designed for the students of non-language higher educational institutions studying architecture.

It consists of nine units and is expected to be covered during practical classes.

Each unit consists of

- an authentic selected for reading, translation and study in class with the supervisor and one’s own;

- vocabulary according to the topic. Architectural terms are mostly taken from the text;

- additional texts for reading.

The purpose of the course is to teach students working at English texts on their own and to increase the level of their knowledge.

Unit I. Architecture and building environment

1. Fill in the gaps: architect, residential, macrolevel, microlevel, engineering, user.

A wider definition would include within its scope also the design of the total built environment, from the ______________ of town planning, urban design, and landscape architecture to the _____________ of creating furniture. Architectural design usually must address both feasibility and cost for the builder, as well as function and aesthetics for the _____________.

Planned architecture often manipulates space, volume, texture, light, shadow, or abstract elements in order to achieve pleasing aesthetics. This distinguishes it from applied science or _____________, which usually concentrate more on the functional and feasibility aspects of the design of constructions or structures.

In the field of building architecture, the skills demanded of an architect range from the more complex, such as for a hoal or a stadium, to the apparently simpler, such as planning _____________ houses. Many architectural works may be seen also as cultural and political symbols, and or works of art. The role of the _____________, though changing, has been central to the successful (and sometimes less than successful) design and implementation of pleasingly built environments in which people live.

Building environment

Architecture, unlike most of the other arts, is not often conceived independently of particular surroundings. The problems of design lie in the organizing of space and mass complexes to include the relating of the total form to its natural and architectural environment.

In site planning, a primary function of architectural design, the architect aims to create harmonies with preexisting elements in the landscape and “townscape.”

But the province of the architect is not limited to the conception of single structures in harmony with a given setting. Throughout history, architects have been employed in giving a new form to the environment itself: planning the natural surroundings by the design of parks, roadways, waterways, etc.; designing complexes of related buildings; and organizing the urban environment into areas of residence, recreation, assembly, commerce, etc., both to increase their utility and to give them unique expressive qualities through the interrelationship of groups of buildings to the open areas about them.

The natural environment is at once a hindrance and a help, and the architect seeks both to invite its aid and to repel its attacks. To make buildings habitable and comfortable, he must control the effects of heat, cold, light, air, moisture, and dryness and foresee destructive potentialities such as fire, earthquake, flood, and disease.

The methods of controlling the environment considered here are only the practical aspects of planning. They are treated by the architect within the context of the expressive aspects. The placement and form of buildings in relation to their sites, the distribution of spaces within buildings, and other planning devices discussed below are fundamental elements in the aesthetics of architecture.

1. Read and translate the text.

2. Answer the questions:

1. What is the primary function of architectural design in site planning?

2. What should an architect do to make buildings habitable and comfortable?

3. What is the meaning of environment in architecture?

4. What is the problem of design?

3. Find in the text English equivalents for the following:

- архитектор;

- архитектура;

- ландшафт;

- препятствие;

- планирование;

- размещение;

- здание.

4. Fill in the gaps:

1. _______ is the art of building

2. The planning and the location of the building depends on the_______

3. _______is a person, who creates new buildings

4. The organizing of space and mass complexes to include the relating of the total form to its natural and architectural environment is _______

5. To make buildings comfortable and habitable an architect should control _______

5. Retell the text.

6. Compose the sentences with the words from ex.3