Им. А.С Пушкина

Национальная галерея the National Gallery, London

Прадо the Prado, Madrid

Русский музей the Russian Museum, St. Petersburg

Третьяковская галерея the Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

Уффици the Uffizi, Florence

Эрмитаж the Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg

10. Скульптура

Скульптура - sculpture [΄skʌlpt∫ə ]: the art of carving wood, chiseling stone, casting or welding metal, modeling clay or wax, etc. into three – dimensional representations, as statues, figures, forms, etc.

 Монументальная скульптура – monumental sculpture: sculptures or sculptural ensembles usually massive, larger than life-size, devoted to historically notable, important events or people of lasting value; monumental sculpture is erected in the open air and is a part of surrounding architecture, or is included in architectural ensemble.

 Станкόвая скульптура – stand sculpture: statues, sculptured portraits, genre groups of independent artistic value.

Станок скульптора – modeling stand.

Рельеф - relief [ ri'li:f ] : decorations, figures, cut so that they stick out above the rest of the surface they are on.

 Барельеф (низкий рельеф) – bas- relief – [ ba: ] - low relief : a form of art in which shapes stand out slightly from the surrounding surface which has been cut away.

 Горельеф (высокий рельеф)- highrelief : a form of art in which shapes stand out clearly (more than 1/2 of the figure) from the background which has been cut away.

Круглая скульптура (отдельно стоящая скульптура в отличие от рельефа) – round sculpture, round, in the round (sculpture in the round).

Герма - herm [ 'h ə:m ], herma [ 'h ə:mə ] : a square pillar of stone topped by a bust or head, originally of Hermes.

Глиптотéка - glyptotheca [ glipto'θi:kə ] : a collection of sculpture or/and stone – cutting works; museum of sculpture. One of the largest glyptothecas is in Copenhagen.

11. Архитектура

Architecture

Византийская архитектура – Byzantine architecture (см. раздел II).

Романская архитектура - Romanesque architecture (см. раздел II).

Готическая архитектура - Gothic architecture (см. раздел II).

Классическая архитектура - Classic architecture: of ancient Greeks and Romans; characteristic of or derived from artistic standards , principles and methods of the ancient Greeks and Romans; having a style that is balanced, formal, objective, restrained, etc.

Ордер (архитектурный) - order ['o:də]: any of several classical styles of structure, determined chiefly by the type of column and entablature.

• дорический ордер – the Doric order ['dorik]: relating to the classic order of architecture; heavy columns with simple capitals. The perfect embodiment of the Doric order is the Parthenon.

• ионический ордер – the Ionic order [ai'onik]: characterized by ornamental scrolls (spiral volutes) on the capitals.

• коринфский ордер - the Corinthian order [kə'rinθiən]: most richly decorated style of ancient Greek building, distinguished by a slender, fluted column and a bell-shaped capital, decorated with a design of acanthus leaves and volutes.

антаблемент (архитрав, фриз, карниз) – entablature [in'tæblət∫ə]: a horizontal superstructure supported by columns and composed of architrave, frieze and cornice.

• архитрав - architrave ['a:kitreiv]: the lowest part of an entablature, a beam resting directly on the tops or capitals of the columns.

• фриз - frieze [fri:z]: a horizontal band, often decorated with sculpture, between the architrave and cornice of a building.

• карниз - cornice ['ko:nis]: a horizontal molding projecting along the top of a wall, building, etc.

альков - alcove ['ælkouv]: a small partly enclosed space in a room, in a garden wall, etc.

апсида - apse ['æps]: the curved or many sided end of a building, especially the last end of a church.

базилика - basilica [bə'zilikə]: (in ancient Rome) a long room, round at one end, with a roof resting on two lines of stone supports, used as a low court; a church with a form like this.

бельведер (остроконечная башенка) – pinnacle ['pinəkl]: a small tarret or spire on a buttress (выступающая часть строения) or an angle pier.

горгулья - gargoyle ['ga:goil]: a water-spout, usually in the form of a grotesquely carved animal or fantastic creature, projecting from the gutter of a building.

кариатида - caryatid [kæri'ætid]: a pillar, a support for a building shaped like a clothed female figure.

колонна - column ['koləm]: a slender upright structure, generally consisting of a shaft, a base and a capital.

• цоколь, нижняя часть колонны – base [ beis ].

• ствол колонны - shaft [ ∫a:ft ].

• капитель, верх колонны - capital ['kæpitl].

неф - nave [neiv]: the long central part of a church, often between two aisles.

пантеон - pantheon ['pænθiən]: a temple built in honour of all gods; all the gods of a nation thought of together.

пилястра - pilaster [pi'læstə]: a rectangular support or pier projecting partially from a wall and treated architecturally as a column.

портик - portico ['po:tikou], porch [po:t∫]:a covered entrance to a building, sometimes consisting of a roof supported by pillars.

портал - portal ['po:tl]: a doorway, gate or entrance, especially a large and imposing one.

ротонда - rotunda [rou'tλ(u)ndə]: a round building, hall or room, especially one with a dome.

фронтон - fronton ['frλntən], gable ['geibl]: a triangular decorative feature, such as that over a door or window; the triangular wall enclosed by the sloping ends of a ridged roof.

the British Museum, London http://www.britishmuseum.org/

Roerich Institute, New York http://www.roerich.org/

the Metropolitan Museum, New York http://www.metmuseum.org/

the Dresden Picture Gallery, Germany http://www.getty.edu/museum/conservation/partnerships/mantegna/

the Louvre, Paris http://www.louvre.fr/llv/commun/home.jsp?bmLocale=en

the National Gallery, London http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/

the Prado, Madrid http://nearyou.ru/0prado/0prado.html

the Uffizi, Florence http://www.polomuseale.firenze.it/english/uffizi/

the Pushkin Museum, Moscow http://www.russia.com/art-galleries/moscow/

the Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow http://www.tretyakovgallery.ru/en/

the Russian Museum, St. Petersburg

the Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg

15