Answers

1. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a landmark document.

2. 10 December 1948.

3. At the Palais de Chaillot, in Paris, France.

4. Eleanor Roosevelt (USA), Rene Cassin (Fr.), Charles Malik (Leb.), Peng Chun Chang (China), Herman Santa Cruz (Chile), Alexandre Bogomolov /Alexei Pavlov (USSR),'Lord Dukeston /Geoffrey Wilson (U.K.) William Hodgson (Aus.) and John Humphrey (Can.).

5. 30.

6. Right to life, liberty and security of person; education; freedom of thought, conscience and religion; freedom of opinion and expression; work; seek and obtain asylum from persecution in other countries (among others).

7. The fiftieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

8. To each individual, regardless of gender, race, religion or cultural background.

9. "All Human Rights for All"

10. 10 December each year.

11. In commemoration of the date of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

12. 1968.

13. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, together with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

14. The Commission on Human Rights, the Commission on the Status of Women, and the Subcommisson on the Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities.

15. 53 countries, representing all regions of the world.

16. The Economic and Social Council, according to regional geographical distribution.

17. In Geneva for six weeks each year.

18. Three. Eleanor Roosevelt (USA) Princess Ashraf Pahlavi (Iran) and PuriticaGtpn Quisumbing (Philippines).

19. The Third Committee (Social. Humanitarian and Cultural).

20. The Declaration on the Right to Development, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1986.

21. The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights in Geneva, formerly known as the Centre for Human Rights.

22. 1983. Two.

23. Mrs. Mary Robinson (former President of Ireland).

24. Mr. Jose Ayala Lasso (Ecuador), from April 1994 to March 1997.

25. Two. One in Tehran (Iran), 22April - 13 May 1968, and the other in Vienna (Austria) 14 - 25 June 1993.

26. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action.

27. In Geneva. Yes, the Human Rights Committee, the Working Group on Enforced and Involuntary Disappearances, and the Committee on the Elimination of Disappearances against Women.

28. A convention is a legally binding treaty, coming into force upon ratification by a certain number of States. A declaration is not legally binding but carries moral weight because it is adopted by the international community.

29. The Geneva Conventions.

30. The Human Rights Committee that monitors the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination and the Committee on Torture.

31. The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.

32. A procedure that allows anyone efface group of persons to report human rights violations to the United (rations even when the case is not covered by United Nations treaty).

33. Six treaty bodies. Each treaty body monitors how countries implement a specific human rights treaty,

34. Covenants on Civil and Political Rights; Economic, Social and Cultural Rights; Conventions on the Rights of the Child; Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women; Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, and against Torture.

35. Conventional mechanisms (treaty Bodies to monitor compliance of States parties to Conventions) and extra-conventional mechanisms (Special Reporters, working-groups and Special Representatives).

36. Special reporters are experts appointed by the Commission on Human Rights. They examine, monitor and publicly report on human rights situations and compliance States with international instruments.

KEYS

Part I

Chapter 1 (p. …..)

2. Check your partner’s translation and correct the mistakes if any. Do back translation into Russian:

1. twice in our lifetime;

2. the scourge of war;

3. to reaffirm;

4. fundamental human rights (principles, issues);

5. obligations arising from treaties;

6. to maintain justice / international peace and security;

7. to maintain friendly relations / contacts;

8. the common cause;

9. to maintain that … ;

10. the maintenance of peace and security;

11. for these ends;

12. to practice tolerance / to be tolerant of smth.;

13. in the common interest;

14. economic and social advancement;

15. to resolve to do smth. / to resolve (up) on doing smth.

16. to resolve a problem;

17. to resolve all doubts.

3. Translate the following questions into English and check your partner’s answers:

1. Каковы основные задачи ООН?	to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war; to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small; to ensure the maintenance of respect for the obligations arising from treaties; to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom.
2. Каким образом ООН должна выполнять свои задачи?	by practicing tolerance and by peaceful coexistence of states with different social systems; by uniting all the member states to maintain international peace and security; by ensuring the non-use of armed forces save in the common interest; by employing international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples

Chapter 2 (p. …..)

2. Check your partner’s translation and correct the mistakes if any. Do back translation into Russian:

1. to devise a name; to devise a plan;

2. to pledge oneself to do smth; to pledge to do smth.

3. to pledge one’s word; to pledge one’s honour;

4. an ever-lasting world

5. set of rules

6. to deliberate what to do / to deliberate whether one should do smth / to deliberate on a question;

7. original member states;

8. to constitute a treaty that is legally binding on the signatories

9. to stipulates

10. a crusader for human rights

11. to rest on Enlightenment ideas

12. to identify the basis rights that every person should enjoy

13. provisions

14. to advance the cause of freedom and justice

15. to come into effect