2. Give English equivalents for the following Russian expressions

1. придумать (название), разработать (план)

2. дать торжественное обещание сделать что-либо, обязаться сделать что-либо

3. ручаться / дать слово чести

4. постоянно меняющийся (например, мир)

5. свод правил

6. обдумывать, что предпринять / колебаться, раздумывать, делать что-либо или нет / обдумывать вопрос

7. первоначальные члены ООН

8. представлять собой договор, который с юридической точки зрения является обязательным для всех подписавшихся

9. ставить условием, оговаривать

10. борец за права человека

11. имея в своей основе идеи эпохи Просвещения

12. устанавливать основные права, которыми должен обладать каждый человек

13. условия (например, договора)

14. способствовать делу свободы и справедливости

15. вступить в силу

3. Answer the following questions

1. Who devised the name “United Nations”?

2. When was this name used first?

3. How many nations pledged to fight against the Axis powers?

4. What countries formed the Axis?

5. What are the UN founding documents?

6. How many countries was the Charter drawn up by?

7. Where was the Charter drawn up?

8. What countries worked out the proposals on the basis of which they deliberated?

9. When and where were these proposals worked out?

10. When was the UN Charter signed?

11. How many countries are considered to be the original member states?

12. When and by what countries was the UN Charter originally signed?

13. What does the Charter lay out?

14. What are the main purposes of the UN according to the UN Charter?

15. What day is universally celebrated as the United Nations day?

16. When was the UN's Commission on Human Rights founded?

17. Who was the UN's Commission on Human Rights led by?

18. What does the Universal Declaration of Human rights set out?

19. What is unique about the Universal Declaration of Human rights?

20. What is the difference between the Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human rights?

21. When did the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights come into effect?

4. Suggested activities for students and topics for discussion:

1. Find the Universal Declarations of Human rights. Study it and prepare a short summary of its main provisions.

2. Do you think that this Declaration is unconditionally observed by all the UN member-states? Research the problem and find some examples to prove your point of view.

3. Can be it sad that the Declaration is an ideal document? Does it work successfully in practice?

4. Study the Charter and the Declaration of Human rights. Do the countries observe their provisions? Why do violations of these documents occur? Give any examples that would evidence such violations if any.

5. Analyze the founding documents of the UN. Do they contribute to carrying out the UN purposes? Nowadays there are persistent calls for reforming the UN. Do you think that the founding documents also need rethinking and revising?

6. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is often called "Magna Carta" for all humanity. Study these two documents and try to say whether they have something in common?

7. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted in 1948. Is it still relevant, in respect to the challenges the contemporary world is facing?

Chapter 3