1 Прочитайте текст и выберите вариант ответа, соответствующий содержанию прочитанного текста. Укажите выбранный вариант.

1. There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world, even the seasonal changes, as unpredictable, and they sought, through various means, to control these unknown and feared powers.

2. Those measures that appeared to bring the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed, some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama. Those who believe that drama evolved from ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed of theatre because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used.

3. It is interesting to remember, too, that the word "tragedy", which is often used to describe any sort of disaster or misfortune, more precisely refers to a work of art. A tragedy probes with high seriousness questions concerning the role of man in the universe. It was in Attica, the ancient state whose chief city was Athens, that the word was first used in the 5th century ВС to describe a specific kind of play, which was presented at festivals in Greece. Sponsored by the local governments, these plays were attended by the entire community, a small admission fee being provided by the state for those who could not afford it themselves.

4. The atmosphere surrounding the performances was more like that of a religious ceremony than entertainment. There were altars to the gods, with priests in attendance, and the subjects of the tragedies were the misfortunes of the heroes of legend, religious myth, and history. Most of the material was derived from the works of Homer and was common knowledge in the Greek communities.

5. Another theory traces the theatre's origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person.

A41. The article mainly discusses

1. the importance of storytelling.

2. the advantages of ritual.

3. the beginning of theatre.

A42. According to the article, myths originated from

1. abandoned rituals.

2. rituals that survived.

3. ancient music and drama.

A43. The main themes of "tragedy" as a genre are

1. never small.

2. always big.

3. unimportant.

A44. According to the extract, which is the main difference between ritual and drama?

1. Ritual is shorter than drama.

2. Ritual has religious content but drama doesn't.

3. Ritual requires fewer performers.

A 45. Which of the following statements does the passage support?

1. Storytelling is an important part of dance.

2. Drama requires the use of costumes.

3. No one really knows how drama began.

Определите, в каком значении слово употреблено в тексте. Укажите выбранный вариант.

А46. were abandoned (II)

1. were forgotten

2. were left behind

3. were overlooked

A47. was derived (IV)

1. was borrowed

2. was followed

3. was described

Выберите правильный вариант перевода в соответствии с содержанием текста. Укажите выбранный вариант.

А48. The argument for this view goes as follows. (I)

1. Аргумент этой точки зрения идет следующим образом.

2. Объяснение этой точки зрения следующее.

3. Спор вокруг этой точки зрения идет вот так.

А49. A tragedy probes with high seriousness questions concerning the role of man in the universe. (Ill)

1. Трагедия апробирует на высоком серьезе вопросы, касающиеся роли человека во Вселенной.

2. Трагедии пробуют разрешить высоко серьезный вопрос о том, какую роль в мире призван играть человек.

3. В трагедии на самом серьезном уровне ставятся вопросы о высокой миссии человека в мире.

А50. Another theory traces the theatre's origin from the human interest in storytelling. (V)

1. Согласно другой теории, театр ведет свою историю с того момента, как у людей появился интерес к фантазированию.

2. Еще одна теория прослеживает возникновение театра от человеческой заинтересованности в рассказывании историй.

3. По другой теории, театр начался тогда, когда у людей появился интерес к рассказыванию историй.

PART В

В каждом предложении заполните пропуск словом, образованным от указанного в скобках.

В1. Despite the star-studded cast the film was only ... successful (part).

B2. The movie, though funny, didn't quite come up to our ... (expect).

B3. The documentary gives a good idea of the ... of wildlife (diverse).

Переведите на английский язык фрагмент предложения, данный в скобках.

B4. This film was (наименее) successful and caused a lot of disappointment.

B5. Some soap operas (идут) for several years and even decades.

B6. The spectators were so impressed, that (никто из них) said a word.

Прочитайте текст. Заполните каждый из пропусков только одним словом, подходящим по смыслу. Слово должно содержать не более 15 символов.

Soap operas had appeared long (B7) ... television came. They (B8) ... not watched but listened to as they were (B9) ... on the radio. Such radio shows were especially (B10) ... in the USA and Great Britain where large audiences just loved them.

Test 19