11.3. After you have read:

I. Say what is true and what is false. Correct the false statements:

1. One of the most important landmarks in engine design comes from Nicolaus Otto who in 1876 invented an effective steam engine.

2. Nikolaus Otto was born in Holzhausen,in a small village on the Rhine River in Germany.

3. Otto left high school and got a job as a gardener.

4. He soon developed an interest in the new technologies of the day and began experimenting with building four-stroke engines.

5. N.Otto and H.Ford started the world's first engine manufacturing company General Motors.

6. In 1867, the pair were awarded a Nobel Prize at the Paris World Exhibition for their atmospheric gas engine built a year earlier.

7. In May 1876, Nicolaus Otto built the first practical four-stroke piston cycle internal combustion engine.

II. Fill in the blanks with words from the text:

1. Otto … in 1876 an effective gasoline motor engine which … the first practical alternative to the … as a power source.

2. Nikolaus Otto … in Holzhausen, in a small village on the … in Germany.

3. … his father, the village postmaster, … soon after Otto was born, his mother … him well.

4. Young Otto … in school, and his mother … for him to … with a technical education.

5. He soon … as a clerk in the … city of Frankfurt.

6. His older brother Wilhelm … a textile business in …, and he … Otto get a … as a … representative.

7. In May 1876, Nicolaus Otto … the first practical … piston cycle internal … engine.

8. He … his work finished after his invention of the first … system for low … ignition in 1884.

III. Put the verb in brackets into the correct form:

1. Otto (to invent) in 1876 an effective gasoline motor engine.

2. Nikolaus Otto (to be, bear ) in Holzhausen, in a small village on the Rhine River in Germany.

3. Young Otto (to excel) in school, and his mother (to plan) for him to continue with a technical education.

4. Otto (to leave) high school and (to get) a job as a clerk in a grocery store.

5. After meeting Eugen Langen, a technician and owner of a sugar factory, Otto (to quit) his job, and in 1864 the duo (to start) the world's first engine manufacturing company N.A. Otto & Cie.

6. In 1867, the pair (to be, award) a Gold Medal at the Paris World Exhibition.

7. Otto's patent (to be, overturn) in 1886 in favor of the patent granted to Alphonse Beau de Roaches for his four-stroke engine.

IV. Make up 5 general and 5 special questions to the text.

V. What information have you learnt from the text? What information was not new for you?

Begin with the phrases:

As for me I learnt that N. Otto …

If I am not mistaken N. Otto …

It was not new for me that …

VI. Give the summary of the text.

Text 12. Alexander Popov (1859 - 1906)

Fig. 14. Alexander Popov

Pre-questions:

What do you know about A. Popov? What is he famous for?

12.1. Words and word combinations to be remembered:

1. priest	священник
2. natural sciences	естественные науки
3. graduation	окончание (вуза)
4. due to	в результате, из-за
5.poor	плохой, недостаточный
6. funding	финансирование
7. Kotlin Island	Котлин - остров в Финском заливе Балтийского моря, в 30 км западнее центра Санкт-Петербурга
8. to conduct	проводить
9. along	параллельно
10. radio receiver	радиоприемник
11. coherer	когерер (это активный элемент, резистор, сопротивление которого по командам управления принимает только крайние значения. Такой элемент в радиотехнике называется ключом)
12. to contain	содержать в себе, включать,
13. refined	улучшенный, усовершенствованный
14. to publish	публиковать
15. to apply	обращаться с просьбой
16. to depict	описывать
17. to reprint	переиздавать
18. to effect	осуществлять, совершать, выполнять
19. campus	кампус, территория университета
20.entrepreneur	бизнесмен, предприниматель
21. equipment	оборудование
22. ship-to-shore communication	связь между кораблем и берегом
23. crew	судовая команда, экипаж (судна)
24.battleship	линейный корабль, линкор
25. gulf	морской залив
26.to be in immediate danger	быть в непосредственной опасности
27. to freeze	замерзать, покрываться льдом
28. bureaucratic	бюрократический
29. red tape	волокита
30. reliably	достоверно, надежно
31. to relay	передавать, транслировать
32. Hogland Island	Остров Гогланд расположен в 180 км западнее Санкт-Петербурга, территория России
33. Kymi	Кюми - административная единица на Ю.-В. Финляндии. Главный город - Котка
34. naval headquarters	Военно-морская штаб-квартира
35. point	пункт
36. to free	освобождать
37. icebreaker	ледокол
38. to handle	разбирать, обрабатывать
39. wireless station	радиостанция
40. emission	распространение
41.reception	прием, получение
42. to appoint	назначать
43. to elect	выбирать
44. uneasy	обеспокоенный, потревоженный
45. suppression of a student movement	подавление студенческого движения
46. brain hemorrhage	кровоизлияние в мозг