- •The english language. Outstanding People in science and technology
- •Содержание
- •Введение
- •1.1 Words and word combination to be remembered:
- •1.2. Read and translate the text:
- •1.3 After you have read
- •I. Choose the right variant:
- •II. Complete these sentences taken from the text:
- •III. Make up 5 general and 5 special questions to the text.
- •V. What information have you learnt from the text? What information was not new for you?
- •VI. Give the summary of the text.
- •2.1. Word and word combinations to be remembered:
- •2.2. Read and translate the text:
- •2.3. After you have read:
- •I. Say what is true and what is false. Correct the false statements:
- •II. Fill in the blanks with words from the text:
- •III. Make up 5 general and 5 special questions to the text.
- •IV. Give the negative and question form of the following sentences:
- •V. What information have you learnt from the text? What information was not new for you?
- •VI. Answer the following questions:
- •VII. Give the summary of the text.
- •3.2. Words and word combinations to be remembered:
- •3.3. Read and translate the text:
- •3.4. After you have read:
- •I. Make up a sentence of two parts:
- •II. Say what is true and what is false. Correct the false statements:
- •III. Give negative and question form of the following sentences:
- •V. What information have you learnt from the text? What information was not new for you?
- •VI. Give the summary of the text.
- •4.2. Words and word combinations to be remembered:
- •4.3. Read and translate the text:
- •4.4. After you have read
- •I. Say what is true and what is false. Correct the false statements:
- •II. Fill in the blanks with words from the text:
- •5.3. Read and translate the text:
- •5.4. After you have read
- •I. Say what is true and what is false. Correct the false statements.
- •II. Complete these sentences taken from the text:
- •IV. What information have you learnt from the text? What information was not new for you?
- •V. Give the summary of the text.
- •6.1. Words and word combinations to be remembered:
- •Read and translate the text:
- •6.3. After you have read:
- •I. Make up a sentence of two parts:
- •II. Complete these sentences taken from the text:
- •III. Fill in the gaps with the necessary prepositions.
- •7.2. Read and translate the text:
- •7.3. After you have read
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Fill in the blanks with words from the text:
- •III. Put the verb in brackets into the correct form:
- •8.2 Read and translate the text:
- •8.3. After you have read
- •Say what is true and what is false. Correct the false statements:
- •Fill in the blanks with words from the text:
- •III. What information have you learnt from the text? What information was not new for you?
- •IV.Give the summary of the text.
- •9.2. Words and words combinations to be remembered:
- •9.3. Read and translate the text:
- •9.4. After you have read
- •I. Say what is true and what is false. Correct the false statements:
- •II.Fill in the blanks with words from the text:
- •IV. Give the negative and question form of the following sentences:
- •V. What information have you learnt from the text? What information was not new for you?
- •VI.Give the summary of the text.
- •10.2. Words and Word combinations to be remembered:
- •10.2. Read and translate the text:
- •10.3. After you have read
- •Make up a sentence of two parts:
- •II. Fill in the blanks with words from the text:
- •III. Give the negative and question - form of the sentences:
- •IV. Fill in the gaps with the necessary prepositions:
- •V. What information have you learnt from the text?
- •VI.Give the summary of the text.
- •11.1. Words and word combinations to be remembered:
- •11.2. Read and translate the text:
- •11.3. After you have read:
- •I. Say what is true and what is false. Correct the false statements:
- •II. Fill in the blanks with words from the text:
- •III. Put the verb in brackets into the correct form:
- •IV. Make up 5 general and 5 special questions to the text.
- •V. What information have you learnt from the text? What information was not new for you?
- •VI. Give the summary of the text.
- •12.2. Read and translate the text:
- •12.3. After you have read
- •I. Make up a sentence of two parts:
- •Fill in the blanks with words from the text:
- •13.2. Read and translate the text:
- •13.3. After you have read
- •Give the negative and question - form of the sentences:
- •III. Say what is true and what is false. Correct the false statements:
- •IV. Fill in the blanks with words from the text:
- •V. What information have you learnt from the text? What information was not new for you?
- •VI. Give the summary of the text
- •14.2. Words and words combinations to be remembered
- •14.3. Read and translate the text:
- •14.4. After you have read
- •I. Make up a sentence of two parts:
- •II.Fill in the blanks with words from the text:
- •III.Make up 5 general and 5 special questions to the text.
- •IV.Give the negative and question - form of the following sentences:
- •VI. What information have you learnt from the text? What information was not new for you?
- •VII.Give the summary of the text.
- •15.3. Read and translate the text:
- •15.4. After you have read:
- •I. Choose the right variant:
- •II.Make up a sentence of two parts:
- •Тематический справочник
- •Литература
- •The English Language. Outstanding people
- •In Science and Technology
- •302030, Г. Орел, ул. Московская, 65.
Read and translate the text:
Most people credit Henry Ford with inventing the automobile. The fact is he didn't - such a complex machine is the result of a combination of technologies developed by many people over time. He invented however the assembly line, which revolutionized the way we make cars, and how much they cost.
Henry Ford was born July 30, 1863, on his family's farm in Dearborn, Michigan. From the time he was a young boy, Ford enjoyed tinkering with machines. Farm work and a job in a Detroit machine shop afforded him ample opportunities to experiment. He later worked as a part-time employee for the Westinghouse Engine Company. By 1896, Ford had constructed his first horseless carriage which he sold in order to finance work on an improved model.
Ford incorporated the Ford Motor Company in 1903, proclaiming, I will build a car for the great multitude. In October 1908, he did so, offering the Model T for $850 The Model T was inexpensive for its day, and proved to be reliable and easy to operate. It quickly became very popular; and soon Ford found he was unable to meet the enormous demand for his cars. Ford's solution was to invent a moving industrial production line. By installing a moving belt in his factory, employees would be able to build cars one piece at a time, instead of one car at a time. This principle, called division of labor, allowed workers to focus on doing one thing very well, rather than being responsible for a number of tasks.
Ford found his new system produced cars quickly and efficiently; so efficiently that it considerably lowered the cost of assembling the cars. He decided to pass these savings along to his customers, and in 1915 dropped the price of the Model T to $290. That year, he sold 1 million cars.
By 1914, his Highland Park, Michigan plant, using innovative production techniques, could turn out a complete chassis every 93 minutes. This was a stunning improvement over the earlier production time of 728 minutes. Using a constantly-moving assembly line, subdivision of labor, and careful coordination of operations, Ford realized huge gains in productivity.
In 1914, Ford began paying his employees five dollars a day, nearly doubling the wages offered by other manufacturers. He cut the workday from nine to eight hours in order to convert the factory to a three-shift workday. Ford's mass-production techniques would eventually allow for the manufacture of a Model T every 24 seconds. His innovations made him an international celebrity.
Ford's affordable Model T irrevocably altered American society. As more Americans owned cars, urbanization patterns changed. The United States saw the growth of suburbia, the creation of a national highway system, and a population entranced with the possibility of going anywhere anytime. Ford witnessed many of these changes during his lifetime, all the while personally longing for the agrarian lifestyle of his youth. In the years prior to his death on April 7, 1947, Ford sponsored the restoration of an idyllic rural town called Greenfield Village.