II. Fill in the blanks with words from the text:

1. Damadian earned … in mathematics from the University of Wisconsin –Madison in 1956, and an … from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York City in 1960.

2. MR scanners … radio signals emitted from the … to enable a non-invasive mapping … in meticulous detail.

3. As a professor … of New York Health Science Center in Brooklyn, Damadian and a colleague successfully … potassium deposits … a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) device.

4. With help from his graduate assistants, Damadian … the first MR scanner in 1977, named …, because of the seven years of … work it entailed.

5. Since Damadian was too big … in the device, his … assistant Larry Minkoff, … the first human scan by Indomitable on July 2, 1977.

6. Damadian … a patent for his design in 1974 and … the FONAR Corporation in 1978, which … the first commercial MRI scanner in 1980.

7. Though FONAR … opposition from competitors … the years, Damadian …… patent infringement, and as a result, …. to be an ardent advocate of the …..inventor.

III. Find in the text sentences with Present Perfect and Passive Simple.

IV. Make up 5 general and 5 special questions to the text.

V. What information have you learnt from the text? What information was not new for you?

Begin with the phrases:

As for me I learnt that R. Damadian …

If I am not mistaken …

It was not new for me that …

VI. Give the summary of the text.

Text 5. Willem Einthoven (1860 - 1927)

Fig. 8. Willem Einthoven and his invention

Pre-questions:

Do you know the name of Willem Einthoven? What is he famous for?

5.1. Pre-reading task

Give the Russian equivalents:

electrocardiogram, the Nobel Prize in Medicine, the Dutch East Indies, the Netherlands, the University of Utrecht, Einthoven's triangle, Reformed Church.

5.2. Words and word combinations to be remembered:

1. physiologist	физиолог
2. to settle	селиться
3. to receive a medical degree	получить медицинскую степень
4. beating of the heart	сердцебиение
5.accurately	точно
6. to measure	мерить
7. phenomenon	феномен, явление
8. string galvanometer	струнный гальванометр
9.thin filament	тонкая нить
10. conductive wire	монтажный провод
11. to cause	вызывать
12. to move	двигаться
13. to cast a shadow	бросать тень
14.continuous	непрерывный
15.curve	кривая
16. to require	требовать
17. to weigh	весить
18. lb	фунт
19. insulation	изоляция
20. flesh and bones	мясо и кости
21. portable	переносной
22. technological advances	технический прогресс
23. assignment	распределение, выделение
24. deflection	отклонение
25. to refer	касаться
26. imaginary	воображаемый
27. to invert	опрокидывать,перевёртывать, переворачивать
28. equilateral triangle	равносторонний треугольник
29. cardiovascular disorders	сердечно - сосудистые заболевания
30. particularly	очень, чрезвычайно
31. PhD (Doctor of Philosophy)	доктор философии (учёная степень; примерно соответствует степени кандидата наук в РФ; присваивается магистру как гуманитарных, так и естественных наук)
32. graveyard	кладбище