- •Isbn 978-5-8429-0533-1
- •Theory of english phonetics seminars
- •Contents
- •Preface
- •Seminar 1 The Subject-matter of Phonetics
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Give the definition of the terms:
- •Name the articulating organs and write their names down.
- •Define the type of mistakes in the examples below and prove your answer. Give examples.
- •Illustrate the connection of phonetics with grammar, lexicology and stylistics with your own examples.
- •Fill in the table and give examples illustrating four types of reading English vowels.
- •Transcribe the following abbreviations:
- •9. Write the Past Participle form of these verbs and transcribe them. Prove that phonetics is connected with grammar.
- •Transcribe these words. Underline the interchanging vowels and consonants in the corresponding parts of speech.
- •Read these words and word combinations. Translate them into Russian. Prove that phonetics is connected with lexicology through accent.
- •Read these pairs of words. State to what parts of speech they belong. Single out the sounds that interchange. Translate the words into Russian.
- •Find out examples from prose illustrating the connection of phonetics with stylistics through intonation and its components.
- •Read these rhymes. State what sounds are used to produce the effect of alliteration and for what purpose.
- •Well they can't carry berries
- •Read the rhyme. Transcribe the words used to imitate the sounds made by different animals. State the stylistic device formed by this phonetic means.
- •Seminar 2 Articulatory and Physiological Classification of English Consonants
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Read these words. Observe the apical and cacuminal positions of the tip of the tongue in pronouncing the English /t, r/ and the dorsal in pronouncing the Russian /т/.
- •Read these words. Mind the pronunciation of /h/ as a pure sound of breath.
- •Transcribe these words. Read them. Mind the /j/ articulation.
- •Underline the letters, which represent in spelling the dark [ł] with one line and the clear [l] with two lines in the words given below. Read the words.
- •Mark the linking /r/ and read these sentences.
- •Sort out the oppositions under the following headings: a) occlusive vs. Constrictive, b) constrictive vs. Occlusive-constrictive, c) noise vs. Sonorants.
- •Sort out the oppositions under the following headings: a) labial vs. Forelingual, b) labial vs. Mediolingual, c) labial vs. Backlingual.
- •State which of the pairs illustrate a) forelingual vs. Mediolingual and b) forelingual vs. Backlingual oppositions.
- •State what classificatory principles can be illustrated by the pairs of words given below (consonants opposed initially).
- •Transcribe these words. Underline /ŋ/ with a single line, /ŋɡ/ with two lines.
- •Seminar 3 Articulatory and Physiological Classification of English Vowels
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Transcribe these words. Read them. Observe positional length of the vowel /I:/.
- •Fill in the table and the vowel trapezium:
- •Read these words and state what movements of the tongue make the vowel phonemes /e, з:, ʌ, ɑ:, æ, ɪ, ɔ: / different.
- •Read these pairs of words. State what diphthongs are opposed in the pairs. Define the type of the diphthongs according to the movements of the tongue from the nucleus to the glide.
- •Read these words. Observe the allophonic difference of the vowel phonemes conditioned by their positional length.
- •Transcribe these words and read them. Observe the difference between the fully front /I:/ and the front-retracted /ɪ/.
- •Transcribe these words and read them. Observe the difference between the mid-open /e/ and the fully open (low) /æ/.
- •What classificatory principle of vowels can be illustrated by the contrastive pairs given below?
- •Transcribe these words and read them. Observe the difference between the low long vowel of broad variation /ɑ:/ and the vowel /ʌ/.
- •Which of the given examples illustrate a) high, mid, open, b) front, central, back oppositions?
- •Seminar 4 Functional Aspect of Speech Sounds
- •Answer the following questions:
- •What minimal distinctive feature (or features) makes these oppositions phonologically relevant?
- •Speak on English phonemes in writing.
- •Analyse these words from the viewpoint of the inventory of graphemes, phonemes, letters.
- •Give the phonetic reference of the morphograph -ed in the words:
- •Transcribe the homophones. Translate them into Russian to prove the differentiatory function of graphemes.
- •Divide the words into syllabographs.
- •Divide the words into morphographs.
- •Transcribe the words. Show the phonemic reference of digraphs and polygraphs.
- •State a) which consonants are silent; b) which of the words have /θ/.
- •Fill in the blanks with the appropriate homophone.
- •Seminar 5 Modification of Consonant and Vowel Phonemes in Connected Speech
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Read the words. Define the character of the consonants modified by the following phonemes a) /j/; b) /r/; c) /l/; d) /w/.
- •Read the word combinations. Pay attention to the consonant modified by the following interdental /θ/, /ð/.
- •State which of the words and word combinations illustrate the following phenomena: a) voicing, b) devoicing, c) no voicing, d) no devoicing.
- •Transcribe the words below. Single out the vowels that may be elided in the words.
- •Transcribe the words below. Single out the consonants that may be elided in the words.
- •Transcribe the sentences. Mind all the possible cases of elision.
- •Seminar 6 Syllabic Structure of the English Language
- •Point out syllabic structural patterns of the following English and Russian words; characterize them from the viewpoint of their structure: open, covered, etc.
- •Transcribe the words and divide them into phonetic syllables. Point out their syllabic structural patterns.
- •Divide these words into syllabographs where possible.
- •Arrange these words according to the type of syllable structure: a) closed uncovered, b) closed covered, c) open covered, d) open uncovered.
- •Mark initially strong consonants with a single line and initially weak consonants with two lines.
- •Seminar 7 Stress or Accentual Structure of English Words. Strong and Weak Forms
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Put down stress marks in the sentences below. Translate them into Russian.
- •Transcribe these words. Underline the vowels of full formation in the unstressed position.
- •Give some examples from the English language to illustrate the qualitative and quantitative changes of vowels in the unstressed position.
- •Give examples illustrating the pronunciation of articles, conjunctions, particles and prepositions in their weak forms.
- •Give examples of the weak forms pronunciation of the verbs to be, to have and the negatives not, nor.
- •Seminar 8
- •Intonation and its Components. English Intonation Pattern. Stylistic Use of Intonation
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Read these words and word combinations a) with the undivided falling-rising tone, b) with the divided falling-rising tone.
- •Read these words and word combinations a) with the undivided rising-falling tone, b) with the divided rising-falling tone.
- •Read these sentences. Observe a) the low falling tone and b) the high falling tone.
- •Transcribe and intone the sentences below. Pay attention to the differentiatory function of stress in the italicized words.
- •Fill in the table.
- •Listen to the passages and define the types of an intonation style.
- •Seminar 9
- •Standard English Pronunciation
- •Social and Territorial Varieties of English Pronunciation
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Prepare a report on a) General American pronunciation; b) English as an international language.
- •What are the differences between rp and ga? Fill in the table below.
- •Here is a text read aloud first by a British English speaker and then an American English speaker. Listen and note differences in pronunciation that you observe.
- •Glossary
- •Chart of Phonemic Symbols
- •List of Exam Questions and Tasks Task I
- •Task II
- •Task III
- •Task IV
- •Exam Requirements
- •Literature Recommended for Use
- •Theory of english phonetics seminars
- •125212, Москва, Головинское шоссе, д. 8, корп. 2.
Read these pairs of words. State to what parts of speech they belong. Single out the sounds that interchange. Translate the words into Russian.
deep — depth know — knowledge
brief — brevity please — pleasure
sagacious — sagacity mead — meadow
strong — strength nature — natural
precise — precision beast — bestial
broad — breadth brass — brazen
flower — flourish pretend — pretension
assume — assumption correct — correction
conclude — conclusion object — objection
confess — confession divide — division
depress — depression collide — collision
rector — rectorial
Find out examples from prose illustrating the connection of phonetics with stylistics through intonation and its components.
Read these rhymes. State what sounds are used to produce the effect of alliteration and for what purpose.
a) How many berries could a bare berry carry?
If a bare berry could carry berries?
Well they can't carry berries
(Which could make you very wary?)
But a bare berry carried is scarier!
b) The big black bug bit the big black bear,
but the big black bear bit the big black bug back!
c) She sells sea-shells on the sea-shore;
The shells she sells are sea-shells, I'm sure.
So if she sells sea-shells on the sea-shore,
Then I'm sure she sells sea-shore shells.
d) Swan swam over the sea;
Swim, swan, swim.
Swan swam back again,
Well, swum swan.
Read the rhyme. Transcribe the words used to imitate the sounds made by different animals. State the stylistic device formed by this phonetic means.
Bow-wow, says the dog;
Mew, mew, says the cat;
Grunt, grunt, goes the hog;
And squeak, goes the rat.
Tu-whu, says the owl;
Caw, caw, says the crow;
Quack, quack, says the duck;
And moo, says the cow.
Seminar 2 Articulatory and Physiological Classification of English Consonants
Answer the following questions:
What is a consonant sound?
How do the consonant change on the articulatory level?
What are the two consonant classes according to the degree of noise?
What is the function of the vocal cords in the production of voiced and voiceless noise consonants?
How does the degree of noise vary according to the force of articulation?
What is a sonorant? State the difference between sonorants and noise consonants.
How does the position of the soft palate determine the quality of a sonorant?
What are the four groups of consonants according to the manner of articulation?
Which consonant sounds are called occlusive?
Why are plosives called “stops”?
Which consonant sounds are called constrictive?
How else are constrictive noise consonants called and why?
How do the fricatives vary in the work of the vocal cords and in the degree of force of articulation?
How are the constrictive sonorants made?
Which consonant sounds are occlusive-constrictive?
Enumerate the consonant groups according to the place of articulation.
How are the forelingual consonants classified according to the work of the tip of the tongue?
How do the forelingual consonants differ according to the place of obstruction?
Give the definition of the terms:
Consonant sound, noise consonant, sonorant, nasal sonorant, oral sonorant, lenis consonant, fortis consonant, voiceless consonant, voiced consonant, plosives, fricatives, affricates, labial consonants, forelingual consonants, palatals, velar consonants, glottal consonant.
Explain the articulation of /p, t, k/ and /b, d, g/ from the viewpoint of the work of the vocal cords and the force of articulation.
Explain the articulation of /m, n, ŋ/ from the point of view of the position of the soft palate.
Define the consonant phonemes /s, z/. State the articulatory difference between these two sounds.
What consonants are characterized as:
lenis, interdental;
fortis, labio-dental, fricative;
velar, nasal;
palatal, sonorant;
voiced, palato-alveolar, affricate;
aspirated, alveolar, plosive.
Give examples of words with these sounds.
State the articulatory differences between /θ – s/, /ð – z/, /θ – f/, /ð – v/, /θ – t/, /ð – d/.
Define the consonant phoneme /h/. State articulatory differences between the English /h/ and the Russian /x/.
Define the consonant phonemes /ʃ, ʒ, ʧ, ʤ/. Describe the bicentral position of the tongue in the production of these sounds.
Define the sonorants /r, l, w, j/.
Denote general characteristic features referring to the following consonants:
/p/, /b/, /m/;
/ɡ/, /p/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /b/;
/t/, /s/, /p/, /k/, /f/, /ʃ/, /ʧ/;
/v/, /z/, /n/, /ɡ/, /d/, /b/, /l/, /r/, /j/, /w/, /ʤ/, /ʒ/;
/t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, /n/, /l/;
/k/, /ɡ/, /ŋ/;
/ʤ/, /ʧ/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/.
Fill in the table:
according to the place of articulation
according to the manner of articulation |
labial |
forelingual |
medio- lingual |
back- lingual |
glottal |
||||||
bi-labial |
labio-dental |
inter-dental |
alveolar |
post-alveolar |
palato-alveolar |
palatal |
velar |
|
|||
Occlusive |
Plosives |
voiced
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
voiceless
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
nasal resonants (sonorants) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Constrictive |
fricatives |
voiced |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
voiceless |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
medial sonorants |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
lateral sonorants |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
occlusive- constrictive |
affricates |
voiced
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
voiceless
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||