1.Ten is a simple cardinal noun.

2.Second is a simple ordinal noun. In most cases nouns pre- modified by ordinals take the definite article. In these cases they show the order of persons or things in a series.

3,4 Twenty, eighteen and seven are cardinal numerals. Seven is simple and the other two are derivatives, formed by the means of the suffixes -teen and -ty.

5-8. The two and a four, tens and hundreds are substan­tivised numerals.

9.Two is a simple cardinal numeral and millions is a sub­stantivised numeral. Of is indispensable in this case precisely because millions is substantivised.

10.This is a composite cardinal numeral. In most cases the words dozen, hundred, thousand, million and billion take no -5 after other cardinal numerals because they are not sub­stantivised.

11.See 10.

12.See 9.

13.This is an ordinal numeral. The noun it premodifies is used with the indefinite article because ordinal numerals maybe used with the indefinite article when they do not show a defi­nite order of persons or things in a series, and this is just the case: a third here means merely another and loses its numerical meaning.

14.See 13.

15.This is a fractional numeral.

16.Since Man is supposed to have just five universally recog­nized senses, a sixth one does not belong to a definine, scientif­ically recognized number. So it quite safe to say "a sixth sense", meaning another, an additional one. In other words sixth loos­es its numerical meaning.

17.A first night is a set phrase meaning the evening when the first public performance of a show, play etc. is given. It usu­ally takes the definite article but one may say a first night per­formance or a first night party because here first night is used attributively and the indefinite article refers to the nouns premodified by them.

18-19- A first time and a first love just like other firsts like, say, a first love-making are used with the indefinite article if there is no limiting attribute and no limitation is clear from the context. By the way «любовь с первого взгляда» is "love at first sight". It happens so quickly that everybody forgets about articles.

21. Second is an ordinal numeral. It is preceded by the indef­inite article which refers to the noun computer.

Exercise 47, p. 394

four, fourteen, forty, fifty, fifth, nine, ninth, ninetieth, eight, eighth, eighteenth, eightieth.

Exercise 48, p. 394

1. Habit is a second nature.

2. The workers of this plant/This plant's workers work in a night shift.

3. Our students begin to learn a second language in their sec­ond year at college/university (when they become second-year students).

4. My house is the third from the right. You surely won't pass it by. (You surely won't miss/overlook it.)

5. Mind you, you won't have a third chance.

6. My friends and collegues have become a second family to me.

7. I'm afraid you'll have to retake the exam (to take the exam again/for a second time).

8. It's a big city. Its population is over three million.

9. Out of/Of the two brothers Don is the tallest.

10. The scientist made the first, the second, the third and the fourth experiment and got the same results.

11.1 had a cup of tea, then a second and a third (one) and only after the fourth (one) realized that I was no longer thirsty (that I had quelled/slaked my thirst).

12. The children entered the hall in twos.

13. Everyone has lived through a first love/has had a first love.

14. They met at a first night performance.

15. Three years later they had a second son.

16. At the age of fifty David got a second education.

17. A year passed, then another/then a second one, but still there was no news.

18. No 8 is the third from the right.

Exercise 49, p. 395

1. can't help worrying/feeling nervous. There is so much to do: to have my hair cut, to have my nails manicured, to have my shoes fixed/mended/repaired and to take the clothes to the cleaner's.

2.1 remember once being advised that the best way to lose weight is to cook badly/to be a bad cook.

3. Not recognizing us, the policemen passed us by/walked past us without as much as paying any attention to the smashed car.

4. 1 can't imagine you/your having been refused. You are just the man to fill this office.

5. Fixing his gaze at/Staring at the ceiling (His eyes fixed on the ceiling), Dick began singing in an unfamiliar tongue.

6. There is no denying that he is very hard/difficult to deal with. Although to tell the truth he is interesting to speak to.

7. The postman who has been bringing us the mail for many years, says that he is too old to continue to do this job.

8. The boss entered the office to discover unexpectedly that all the employees had gone home.

9- One could hear them debate something heatedly. There was no time to lose. It was time to make a decision.

1. am tired of my parents treating me as/like a child. But the situation/set-up already can't be changed.

11. The man who has brought this note is waiting for an answer downstairs.

12.The girl stopped crying only when her mother stopped to buy her a chocolate.

13.This water can't be drunk. It must be filtered.

14.We roamed (about) the wood/forest, the moon rising slowly over the trees.

15.I was reproached for being late and having kept every­body waiting.

Exercise 50, p. 395

1. You can never find a taxi when you need one.

2. I see, they have invented a bomb which will kill people without damaging property. What will they think of next?

3. They'll kill us all with these dangerous weapons they are inventing!

4. We must not grumble, I suppose we've had a pretty good year.

5. You never know who you'll bump into when you go out.

6. It says in the paper that they've had a lot of rain in the West Country. I'm glad I'm not there!

7. Enjoy yourselves while you can: you cannot take the money with you when you die.

8. .They say we are going to have a hard winter.

9. Do you think they might let us have a party if we promise not to make noise?

10. .Fellow-students, we can only persuade the authorities to give in to our demands if ive remain united. Let us stand together!

11. You can lead a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink.

12. .It says in the paper that they are thinking of putting up the price of petrol again.

Exercise 51, p. 396

1.She sat in front of the mirror, running her fingers through her hair.

2."Do you want to putyour/xhc coat on?" "No, I'll just put it round my shoulders."

3.I felt somebody tap my shoulder, and then grab me by the arm.

4.He had his hat pulled well down over his eyes, and his hands were thrust deep into his pockets.

5.She turned up the collar of her coat to protect her neck from the cold wind.

6.He was severely bruised about the legs, but his face was unmarked.

7.He shook me warmly by the hand and put his arm round my shoulders.

8.Before you go to bed, make sure you wash your face, brush your teeth and put your clothes away neatly.

9."Let me take you by the hand, and lead you through the streets of London."

10."Close your eyes, hold out your hand, and see what the good Lord has brought you!"

11."We were stabbed in the back" means "we were betrayed by our own people".

12.- They lay on their backs and closed their eyes.

13.If you do not want to hear it, put your fingers in your ears.

14. You look a mess! Tuck your blouse into your skirt and straighten your shoulders.

16.1 looked him straight in the eye and told him to take his shirt off.

17. The police grabbed him by the scruff of the neck, and put handcuffs on his wrists.

Exercise 52, p. 397