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10. Translate the following sentences:

1. Падающая вода может приводить в действие турбину. 2. Говоря об энергии, мы могли бы упомянуть потенциальную и кинетическую энергию. 3. Работая в лаборатории, студент пользовался электрическими приборами. 4. Прочитав второй текст, мы начали переводить его. 5. Химические источники тока находят ограниченное применение в промышленности.

11. State the power change that takes place in each of the following devices.

Model: Motor changes electrical power into mechanic: power.

1. generator, 2. lamp, 3. battery, 4. washing machine 5. electric furnace, 6. vacuum cleaner, 7. semiconductor

12. Retell the text.

LESSON THREE

NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

Coal has long been the most important fuel and the basic source of power. As soon as people discovered the secret of the atom and learned to split atoms in order to get great quantities of power, coal and other fuels are replaced by atomic power. Atomic power replacing the present sources of power, we get more power than we produced last decades. As for coal, it is not only a fuel and it will therefore never lose its importance. We cannot do with­out it and it may find some oth­er important applications. For example, coal will be used to get various necessary products.

The nuclear reactor is one of the reliable "fur­naces" producing atomic power. Being used to produce power, the reactor produces it in the form of heat. In other words, heat is developed by the splitting of atoms in the reactor. Gas, water, melted metals, and some other liquids circulating through the reactor carry that heat away. The heat may be carried to pipes of the steam-generator containing water. The resulting steam drives a turbine, the turbine in its turn driving an electric genera­tor. So, we see that a nuclear power station is like any oth­er power plant but the familiar coal-burning furnace is replaced by a nuclear one. However, a ton of uranium (nuclear fuel) can give us as much power as 2.5 to 3 million tons of coal.

Nuclear power plants don't explode because they have control and safety features built in. One of these features is safety rods made of materials such as boron. These safety rods actually absorb the neutrons that make the fission process happen. If there is a problem, these rods can be lowered into the reactor core and stop the fission completely.

Because atomic power plants use a source of energy that could become uncontrollable, they have to be carefully constructed and maintained. Sometimes accidents happen. One such mishap happened in the United States in 1979 at the Three Mile Island Reactor, near Middletown, Pennsylvania. Heat built up in the reactor, and the authorities were afraid that radiation would escape and contaminate the nearby community. But in the end, no one was injured. In 1986 another accident happened at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the former Soviet Union. This time, an explosion and fire killed 30 people, and more people died later as a result of radiation poisoning. These accidents have helped to turn public opinion against nuclear power, prompting stricter regulations and increased costs.

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