- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following active words and use them in the sentences of your own
- •3. Look through the text and write out the English equivalents of the following words and word combinations. Use them in the sentences of your own.
- •7. Give short answers to the following questions:
- •9. Translate the following sentences:
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following active words and use them in the sentences of your own.
- •2. Translate the following chains of words. Define what parts of speech they are
- •3. Look through the text and find the English equivalents to the following words and word combinations; use tem in the sentences of your own.
- •5. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the participle:
- •10. Translate the following sentences:
- •11. State the power change that takes place in each of the following devices.
- •12. Retell the text.
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following active words and expressions. Use them in the sentences of your own.
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Work in pairs. Put questions to your partner and he (she) will answer them.
- •8. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the words need and turn:
- •9. Put all possible questions to the following sentences:
- •10. Define the following words according to the model given below.
- •Exercises
- •Learn the following active words and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •2. Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the gerund:
- •7. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the words in bold type:
- •8. Put 5 questions to the text beginning with what.
- •9. Speak on the story told by the early Scandinavians.
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following active words and use them in the sentences of your own.
- •2. Look through the text and find the English equivalents of the following words and word combinations, use them in the sentences of your own:
- •5. Find the gerund in the text, define its function.
- •7. Put questions to the words in bold type.
- •8. Translate the following sentences paying attention to both, both...And:
- •9. Fill in the blanks with prepositions:
- •10. Translate into Russian:
- •11. Form five sentences combining suitable parts of the sentence given in Columns I and II:
- •12. Describe Franklin's kite experiment.
- •13. Give a short summary of the text.
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following active words and Expressions
- •3. Look through the text and find the English equivalents of the following words and word combinations, use them in the sentences of your own:
- •7. Make up a story of Franklin's kite experiment using the following sentences and sentences of your own (our sentences are given in a disorderly way):
- •10. Use the following expressions in sentences of your own:
- •11. Speak on magnetism.
- •Exercises
- •8. For the names of the countries given in Column I find the names of the nations given in Column II:
- •10. Speak on:
- •11. Make an outline of the text.
- •12. Retell the text.
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following active words and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •2. Define the functions of the participle and the gerund in the text.
- •4. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Fill in the blanks with suitable words and word combinations given below:
- •6. For the verbs in (a) find suitable nouns in (b).
- •7. For the nouns in (a) find suitable attributes in (b):
- •8. (A) Translate the following word combinations:
- •11. The following statements are not true to the fact. Correct them:
- •12. Retell the text.
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following active words and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •2. Translate the following word chains into Russian, define what part of speech the words are.
- •4 Translate into Russian:
- •8. Form 10 sentences using the following words:
- •10. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the words in bold type:
- •11. Retell the text.
- •12. (A) Fill in the blanks with prepositions, if necessary; (b) retell the text:
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following active words and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •2. Look through the text and find the English equivalents to the following words and word combinations. Use them in your own situations.
- •3. Write out antonyms to the following words:
- •4. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the infinitive
- •5. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the words in bold type:
- •6. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the infinitive:
- •7. Fill in the blanks with the words one or for:
- •8. Write out from the text all the sentences where the infinitive is used, and define its function.
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following active words and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •3. According to the models given below form sentences combining suitable parts of the sentence given in Columns I, II, III, IV,
- •5. Work in pairs, ask your fellow-students the following questions:
- •6. Form six sentences combining suitable parts of the sentence given in Columns I and II:
- •7. Explain why:
- •8. Define the meaning of the following words:
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following active words and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •2. Translate the following sentences using the infinitive constructions:
- •Find in (b) synonyms to the words in (a):
- •5. Translate the following questions into English and answer them:
- •7. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the words in bold type:
- •8. What are the different meanings of the following words?
- •10. Speak on the work of the following scientists using the words given below:
- •Exercises
- •2. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Compare:
- •6. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the words in bold type:
- •8. Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions if necessary and make up sentences with the following infinitives:
- •9. Translate the following sentences:
- •10. Speak on:
- •Exercises
- •1.Learn the following active words:
- •Conditional Sentences
- •2. Translate the following sentences:
- •3. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the word provided:
- •5. Complete the following sentences:
- •6. Fill in the blanks with among or between:
- •8. Put all possible questions to the following sentences:
- •10. Form new words of the same root, define what parts of speech they are:
- •11. Speak on:
- •Exercises
- •1.Learn the following active words:
- •2. Look through the text and find the examples illustrating modality.
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Translate the following phrases into English using the word combinations given below:
- •5. Define the meaning of the prefixes in the following words and translate them into Russian:
- •6. Translate the following sentences:
- •7. Work in pairs. Put questions to your fellow-student and let him answer them:
- •8. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the words in bold type:
- •10. Complete the following sentences:
- •11. Speak on the heating effect of an electric current.
- •12. Translate the following text.
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following active words:
- •2. Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •4. Fill in the blanks with where, which, when, who, that:
- •5. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the words in bold type:
- •6. Fill in the blanks with either should or would:
- •Exercises
- •12. Look at Fig. 11, name a, b, c, d, e and describe the figure.
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following active words:
- •2. Translate the following sentences paying special attention to the impersonal construction:
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •4. Complete the following sentences:
- •5. Define the meaning of the following words:
- •6. Choose the right term and explain the statement:
- •7. Translate the following text:
- •8. Look at Fig. 12 and speak on power generation in Russia.
- •9. Retell the text.
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following active words:
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following active words:
- •2. Translate the following sentences:
- •3. Define the function of the words in bold type:
- •4. Translate the following sentences:
- •6. Define the function of the words one and bat:
- •7. Form sentences using the following word combinations.
- •8. Fill in the blanks with the following expressions:
- •9. Complete the following sentences:
- •11. Speak on:
- •12. Translate the following text:
- •Exercises
- •1.Learn the following active words:
- •2. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the participle:
- •3. Answer the following questions:
- •5. Make up six sentences using the following nouns qualified by adjectives.
- •6. Translate the following text without consulting a dictionary and retell the text.
- •If There Were No Electricity
- •7. Describe the following:
- •9. Form statements which are not true to the fact. Ask your fellow-students to correct them.
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following active words:
- •3. Define the function of the word do in the following sentences:
- •4. Translate the following questions and answer them:
- •Exercises
- •1 Learn the following active words and expressions and use them in the sentences of your own.
- •8. Answer the following questions:
- •10. Translate the following word combinations and use them in the sentences of your own:
- •Exercises
- •1. Learn the following active words:
- •2. (A) Give headings to each paragraph of the text.
- •3. Translate the following sentences:
- •4. Define the non-finite forms of the verb met in the text.
- •5. Put 10 questions to the text.
- •6. Translate the following sentences:
- •7. Speak on:
- •Exercises
CONTENTS
Lesson 1. ELECTRIC CURRENT AND MANKIND
Lesson 2. POWER, ITS KINDS AND FORMS
Lesson 3. NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
Lesson 4. THE NATURE OF LIGHTNING
Lesson 5. ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY
Lesson 6. MAGNETISM
Lesson 7. THE EARLY HISTORY OF ELECTRICITY
Lesson 8. THE INVENTION OF THRMOMETERS
Lesson 9. M. LOMONOSOV AND HIS CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENCE
Lesson 10. THE GREAT PHISISISTS
Lesson 11. THE PROPERTIES OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT
Lesson 12. THE NATURE OF HEAT
Lesson 13. ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
Lesson 14. POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE, ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE AND RESISTANCE
Lesson 15. THE MAGNETIC EFFECT OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT
Lesson 16. THE HEATING EFFECT OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT
Lesson 17. GENERATORS AND ALTERNATORS
Lesson 18. THE TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRIC POWER
Lesson19. THE STRUCTURE OF TRANSFORMERS
Lesson 20. THE ELECTRIC MOTOR AND ITS NUMEROUS APPLICATIONS
Lesson 21. MATTER AND ITS STATES
Lesson 22. SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, GASES AND PLASMA
Lesson 23. PROMISING SOURCES OF POWER
Lesson 24. TIDAL POWER PLANTS
Lesson 25. THE USE OF SOLAR POWER
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
ENGLISH-RUSSIAN VOCABULARY
LESSON 1
ELECTRIC CURRENT AND MANKIND
In 1800 Alessandro Volta constructed the first source of continuous current. Since that time numerous scientists and inventors, Russian and foreign, have greatly contributed to the further development and to the practical application of electric current.
At present one cannot imagine modern civilization without the electric current. We can't imagine how people could do without the electric lamp, without vacuum cleaners, refrigerators, washing machines and other electrically operated devices that are widely used today. In fact, telephones, lifts, electric trams and trains, radio and television, mobile phone and computer have been made possible only owing to the electric current.
You are certainly familiar with the important part which the electric current plays in our everyday life. From the moment when we get up in the morning until we go to bed at night, we widely use electric power. During the day we also use a lot of electrical devices, making use of the computer, telephone, telefax and so on. As for the evening, if we study or read, by an electric lamp, watch television, play computer games, go to the cinema, we certainly use electricity.
Although we are more familiar with the application of electricity in our everyday life, electric power finds its most important use in industry. The electric motor transforms electric power into mechanical power. It finds a wide application at every industrial eneterprise. As for the electric crane, it can easily lift objects weighing thousands of tons.
A good example which is illustrating an important industrial use of the electric current is the electrically heated furnace. Great masses of metal melted in such furnaces flow like water. Speaking of the melted metals, we might mention one more device using electricity - that is the electric pyrometer. The temperature of hot flowing metals can be easily measured owing to the electric pyrometer.
These are only some of the numerouss industrial applications of the electric current.
Exercises
1. Learn the following active words and use them in the sentences of your own
Apply (v) применять, использовать
Application (n) применение
Current (n) ток
Device (n) прибор, устройство
Develop (v) разрабатывать, развивать(ся)
Electricity (n) электричество
Enterprise (n) предприятие
Furnace (n) печь
Industrial (a) промышленный
Invent (v) изобретать
Measure (v) измерять
Serve (v) служить, обслуживать
Scientist (n) ученый
2. Translate the following chains of words into Russian, define what part of speech they are:
Science – scientist – scientific-scientifically; develop – developer - developing - development, invent - inventor - invention; measure- measuring- measurement; apply – application - applicable— appliance; use – user – useful - useless - usage; transform - transformer - transformation; electric- electricity – electrical - electrically; serve - server-service - servant.
3. Look through the text and write out the English equivalents of the following words and word combinations. Use them in the sentences of your own.
Что касается, обходиться без чего-либо, использовать , играть роль, вносить вклад в, благодаря чему-либо, становиться возможным.
4. Make word combinations using adjectives in the left column and the nouns in the right column.
Modern application
Numerous development
Further inventors
Electric civilization
Industrial current
The Participle
|
Participle I |
Participle II |
Perfect Participle |
Active |
writing |
- |
having written |
Passive |
being written |
written |
having been written |
5. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the participle:
1. The student is translating an article on refrigerators.2. The student has translated an article. 3. The article is translated by the student. 4. The article is being translated by the student. 5. The student translating an article is my fellow-student. 6. The article translated by the student is difficult. 7. Translating an article, the student used a dictionary. 8. Having translated the article, the student gave it to the teacher. 9. Having been asked to translate the article, the student translated it very well.
6. Form four sentences using the words given below.
1. lift, the, heavy, can, electric, objects, crane.
2. finds, industry, power, in, application, electric, wide, a
3. does, study, he, at, not, the, university
4. day, use, every, do, devices, you, electrical
5. the cinema, go, to, we, yesterday, not, did
7. Give short answers to the following questions:
1. Does the motor find a wide application in industry? 2. Is Volta a Russian scientist? 3. Does your friend go to the university on foot? 4. Did you go to the theatre yesterday? 5. Is there an electric lamp on your table? 6. Has your friend bought a new bicycle? 7. Are there many trolley-buses and trams in your city? 8. Do you watch television every day? 9. Do you use electrical devices? 10. Can you do without electricity? 11. Does the electric current play an important part in our life? 12. Does the electric motor transform electrical power into mechanical power? 13. Is the electric current necessary for the operation of trolley-buses and trams? 14. Is your room heated by an electric furnace?
8. Complete the sentences.
1. In 1800 Volta constructed the first source of …. … 2. One cannot imagine … … without the electric current. 3. Today we widely use many … … devices. 4. Electricity has numerous … … 5. Electric motor transforms … power into … one. 6. Electricity finds … … at every factory. … … furnace is a good example of the industrial application of electricity. Electric … measures the temperature of hot flowing metals.