Переклад речень з дієсловом у пасивному стані

Українською мовою дієслова в пасивному стані перекладаються:

1. сполученням дієслова бути з дієприкметником пасивного стану минулого часу:

The book was written in 1990.

Книга була написана у 1990 році.

This work will be done later.

Ця робота буде зроблена пізніше.

2. дієсловом з часткою -ся (-сь):

Chattering is not allowed at the lesson.

На уроці не дозволяється розмовляти.

Her voice was heard in the garden.

Її голос почувся в саду.

3. дієсловом у 3 особі множини (у неозначено-особових реченнях):

I have been told that you are ill.

Мені сказали, що ти хворий.

She has not been seen yet.

Її ще не бачили

4. якщо в реченні є виконавець дії, його можна перекласти українською мовою особовим реченням з дієсловом в активному стані:

A liar is believed by nobody.

Ніхто не вірить брехуну.

They were invited by me.

Я запросив їх.

Підмет пасивної конструкції також можна перекласти декількома способами.

1. якщо підмет виражено іменником, то його можна перекласти українською мовою іменником в називному або непрямому відмінку:

The book was translated last year.

а) Книгу переклали в минулому році.

б) Книга була перекладена в минулому році.

2. якщо підмет виражено особовим займенником, то він може бути перекладений українською мовою тільки займенником у непрямому відмінку:

І was given a book.

Мені дали книгу.

Не was seen yesterday.

Його бачили вчора.

В англійський мові в пасивному стані можуть вживатися як перехідні (а), так і неперехідні (б) дієслова.

а) Не was asked a lot of questions.

Йому задали багато запитань.

The pupil was given some interesting work.

Учню дали цікаву роботу.

б) Не was asked by many people.

Його запитували багато людей.

Some interesting work was given to the pupil.

Цікаву роботу дали учневі.

Деякі неперехідні дієслова можуть мати після себе прийменник. У таких випадках українською мовою речення перекладаємо починаючи з прийменника.

Не was much spoken about.

Про нього багато говорили.

This picture is always looked at.

На цю картину завжди дивляться.

Пасивні конструкції вживаються в реченнях, якщо виконавець дії невідомий або неважливий. При потребі суб'єкт дії може бути виражений за допомогою додатка з прийменником by або with:

The letter was written by my friend.

The letter was written with a pencil.

Вправи.

1. Складіть речення за таблицею. Перекладіть їх рідною мовою:

Furniture Radio sets Coal Wheat Tomatoes

is are

repaired sold mined grown made

here there at our plant, in this district, at this shop.

The theatre Those cars The library The bicycle The shop

was were

built opened closed bought repaired

last year at ten o'clock five years ago. in summer.

The novel The letter The newspaper The book The document

will be

written printed brought translated signed

tomorrow next year on Monday in half an hour

2. Замініть активну конструкцію пасивною:

1. My sister teaches me English. 2. Peter drives the car. 3. The fascists killed her father. 4. Mary has lost her key. 5. Comrade Ivanov will meet the delegation. 6. The teacher has checked our dictation. 7. Our music teacher was conducting the orchestra. 8. They showed us the monuments of Lviv. 9. She offered me a cup of tea. 10. They promised her an interesting job. 11. They gave the actress a bunch of flowers. 12. He showed me the way, to the railway station. 13. They offered us two tickets for the concert. 14. We sent for the doctor. 15. The children laughed at the little boy. 16. They look after the children. 17. The students listened to the professor with great interest. 18. People speak about this film very much. 19. The boys made fun of him.

3. Перекладіть речення рідною мовою:

1. The letter will be answered tomorrow. 2. They were shown many places of interest. 3. Wheat is grown in each of these regions.

4. This town was founded in the 15th century. 5. Water-power stations are being built on the mountain rivers. 6. She was told the news when she came. 7. The film is much spoken about.

4. Виберіть правильний варіант присудка:

1. Many towns were destroyed/were being destroyed by the earthquake in Japan last year. 2. The helicopter was constructed/was being constructed in Russia. 3. He was thrown/was being thrown out of class for chatting. 4. The pop singers arrived at the airport and were welcomed/were being welcomed by thousands of fans. Flowers were thrown/were being thrown at them all the way to the exit. 5. The exposition was opened/was being opening when we drove up to the picture gallery. 6. He couldn't go out as his suit and shirt were cleaned/were being cleaned.

5. Перекладіть речення рідною мовою, звертаючи увагу на прийменники:

1. The technician was sent for at two o'clock. 2. The use of "thinking" machines is much spoken about. 3. The engineer must be sent for as soon as possible. 4. These results will be referred to in the next chapter. 5. Their design will not be spoken about at the conference. 6. Their achievements were not referred to in his report.

6. Виберіть правильний переклад наступних речень:

1. Мені сказали купити квитки, а) І told them to buy tickets.

b) I was told to buy tickets.

c) They bought tickets for me.

2. Нам дали нове обладнання. a) They give us new equipment.

2. We were given new equipment

3. We gave them new equipment.

3. На неї подивилися холодно. a) She was looked at coldly.

2. She looked coldly.

3. She looked at him coldly.

4. Їх можуть запитати. a) They may ask.

2. They can ask.

3. They may be asked.

5. Роботу треба закінчити до 5 години. a) The work may complete at 5 o'clock.

b) The work must be completed by 5 o’clock.

c) The work is to be completed by 5 o’clock/

6.Тут побудують багато нових будинків. a) Many new buildings will be built here.

2. There are many new buildings there.

3. Many new buildings are built here.

7. Збори відбулися в залі. a) The meeting is held in the hall.

2. The meeting was held in the hall.

3. The meeting will be held in the hall.

7. Розкрийте дужки, поставивши дієслова в пасивному стані. Текст перекладіть рідною мовою:

Texas.

The state of Texas is a south-western state of the USA and (to be situated) above Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico. In fact it used to be part of the United States in 1845. The official language is English, though Spanish (to speak) also widely. A lot of oil (to produce) in Texas and (to export) to other American states, although this isn't the state's only business; there are many other industries too, and agriculture is also important. The state (to head) by a governor. As part of the USA, Texas (to govern) by the President and the Congress.

The Loss of the «Titanic».

The great ship «Titanic» sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th, 1912. She was carrying 1316 passengers and the crew of 891. The «Titanic» was a colossal ship. At that time she was not only the largest ship that ever (to build), but (to regard) as unsinkable, because she had sixteen watertight compartments. The tragic sinking of this great liner always (to remember). Four days after setting out, while the «Titanic» was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg suddenly (to spot) by the captain. After the alarm (to give) the ship turned sharply. Suddenly, there was a slight trembling from below, and the captain went down to see what had happened. The noise had been so faint that no one thought that the ship (to damage). But the ship was sinking because five watertight compartments (to flood). The order to leave the ship (to give) and hundreds of people jumped into the water. There weren't enough life-boats for everybody and 1500 lives (to lose).