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Евразийский национальный университет им. Л.Н. Гумилева |
Учебно-методический комплекс дисциплины |
Издание: третье |
Unit 5
Theme: Travelling and tourism
Grammar: The Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Objectives: By the end of this unit, students should be able to use active vocabulary of this theme in different forms of speech exercises. Students should be better at discussing “Travelling and tourism”. Students should know the rules of Direct and Indirect Speech.
Methodical instructions: This theme must be worked out during three lessons a week according to timetable.
Lexical material: Introduce and fix new vocabulary on theme « Travelling and tourism».
Grammar: Introduce and practice the rules of The Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
The scientific and technological progress of the 20-th century has allowed people to overcome time and distance, to cover in the twinkling of an eye the vast expanse of our planet. The whole world is open now. The limitations of former times have ceased to exist.
Modern life is impossible without travelling. Most of us in big cities begin every day with travelling to our schools, offices and factories. For some people it is quite a trip to get from home to work. They go by underground, they change to a bus or they take a taxi. From time to time we have to go to another city or country on business. Then after a year’s work people go on holiday and they do not like to spend it at home.
Millions of people all over the world spend their holidays travelling. They travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities and the ruins of ancient towns, they travel to enjoy picturesque places or just for a change of scene. It is always interesting to discover new things, to see different people, to try different food, to listen to different musical rhythms.
Those who live in the country like to go to a big city and spend their time visiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining at exotic restaurants. City dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or on the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe and lie in the sun.
People who wish to travel either for pleasure or on business have at their disposal various means of transport. If you want to get somewhere as quickly as possible the best way is to travel by plane. It is better to book tickets in advance. On the appointed day you go to airport by car. Soon you’ll be boarding the big airliner and it will carry you to new lands. When on the plane you may look around. In front of you in the cockpit you’ll see the pilot and his crew. Some of the passengers are already reclining in comfortable armchairs. There is a kitchen in the rear part of the plane where the stewardesses are preparing the meals. Presently we take off and in a few minutes the pilot informs us of the altitude. Sometimes it is possible to see land. It is like a geographical map. Our plane is due to arrive in eight hours. The time passes quickly. The plane arrives at the airport on time.
Travelling by train is slower than by plane but it has its advantages. When on the train you can always see the country side around you , so you are not simply travelling, but your holidays have already begun. To have a good trip by train you must book the tickets in advance. When the day of your departure comes, you go to the railway station, which is usually closer to your home than the airport. The porter helps you with your luggage. You go to your carriage and find out if you have a lower or upper berth in your compartment. Each compartment has its own window, a place for your suitcases and, of course, four berths.
Travelling by sea is mostly for those who are going on holiday and want a pleasant voyage. On board of a large cruise ship people traverse oceans and visit other countries. The ship stops for a day or two in different ports and people go ashore on excursions. Crossing the ocean is a magnificent and very long voyage, with enormous waves before you and a 4-deck liner under you.
Many people prefer travelling by car. This way you can explore the nearby towns and cities. The greatest advantage is that you can stop whenever you like and that you are not bound by any schedule. You start from your own front door and take any road you like.
Coach tours are not expensive and very popular. There is a chance to do a lot of sightseeing and have a good rest at the same time.
One of the cheapest and the most popular ways of travelling is hiking. It is always a great experience for a lover of nature.
Topical Vocabulary.
1.to overcome преодолеть
2.twinkling мгновение
3.travelling путешествие
4.trip путешествие, поездка (короткая)
5.voyage путешествие (по морю,воздуху)
6.journey путешествие, поездка (длительная)
7.cruise морской круиз
8.hiking пешеходный поход
9.to go on business отправиться по делу (в командировку)
10.at one’s disposal в чьем-либо распоряжении
11.in advance заранее
12.to board (a plane, a ship, a train) сесть на (самолет, корабль,поезд)
13.crew команда
14.departure отправление
15.cockpit кабина в самолете
16.to traverse пересекать
17.stewardess cтюардесса
18. .arrival прибытие
19.altitude высота над уровнем моря
20.advantage преимущество
21.porter носильщик
22.luggage багаж
23.carriage вагон
24.berth полка
25.compartment купе
26.cheap дешевый
24.expensive дорогой
Ex.1 Suggest the Russian for:
to go ashore on excursions; to book tickets in advance; departure; it is possible; the railway station; pleasant voyage; in your compartment; a lower or upper berth; to travel for pleasure; a lover of nature; due to; coach tours; sightseeing; to have a good rest; whenever you like; people traverse oceans; in different ports; a magnificent voyage; with enormous waves; a 4-deck liner; you are not bound by any schedule; all over the world; the ruins of ancient towns; for a change of scene; to enjoy picturesque places; at their disposal; to discover new things; in advance; to try different food; to listen to; art galleries; exotic restaurants; city dwellers; a quiet holiday by the sea; on the mountains; lie in the sun; to have travelling by sea; as quickly as possible; the best way; on the appointed day; boarding the big airliner; to look around; in front of you; in the cockpit; passenger; pilot; crew; to recline; on board of a large cruise ship; a great experience;
Ex.2 Suggest the English for:
Время и расстояние; в мгновение ока; ограничения; метро; пересаживаются на автобус; во всем мире; современные города и руины; живописные пейзажи; отпуск на море; путешествовать самолетом; заказать билеты заранее; в назначенный день; вскоре; оглядеться вокруг себя; откинуться; наконец мы взлетаем; предпочитать; достопримечательности; пеший туризм; приятное путешествие; носильщик; багаж; океан; порт; гигантские волны; четырех палубный лайнер; расписание; вовремя.
Ex.3 Guess the meaning of the words and word combinations in italics and translate the whole sentence.
1.They travel to enjoy picturesque places or just for a change of scene. 2.It is always interesting to discover new things, to see different people, to try different food, to listen to different musical rhythms. 3.City dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or on the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe and lie in the sun. 4.People who wish to travel either for pleasure or on business have at their disposal various means of transport. 5. It is better to book tickets in advance. 6.On the appointed day you go to airport by car. 7.Soon you’ll be boarding the big airliner and it will carry you to new lands. 8.Some of the passengers are already reclining in comfortable armchairs. 9.Presently we take off and in a few minutes the pilot informs us of the altitude.10. Our plane is due to arrive in eight hours. 11.When the day of your departure comes, you go to the railway station, which is usually closer to your home than the airport. 12.The porter helps you with your luggage. 13.On board of a large cruise ship people traverse oceans and visit other countries. 14.The ship stops for a day or two in different ports and people go ashore on excursions.15. Crossing the ocean is a magnificent and very long voyage, with enormous waves before you and a 4-deck liner under you.
Ex.4 Translate into English.
1.Теперь весь мир открыт. 2. Современная жизнь невозможна без путешествий.3. Они пересаживаются на автобус или берут такси. 4. Им не нравиться проводить отпуск дома. 5. Миллионы людей во всем мире проводят отпуск путешествуя. 6. Городским жителям обычно нравится спокойный отпуск на море или в горах. 7. Вскоре вы сядете в большой авиалайнер, и он отнесет вас к новым землям. 8. Пассажиры могут откинуться в удобных креслах. 9. Сидя в самолете вы можете оглядеться вокруг себя.10. Люди совершают путешествия чтобы увидеть другие страны и континенты, другие города или просто ради перемены обстановки.11. Всегда интересно встречать новых людей, открывать для себя что-то новое.
Ex.5 Speak on the following sub – topics.
Modern life is impossible without travelling.
People all over the world spend their holidays travelling.
Various means of transport.
Grammar: The Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
Affirmative |
Negative |
Interrogative |
I had been working |
I had not been working |
Had I been working? |
I’d been working I hadn’t been working
The Past Perfect Continuous Tense.
Inclusive: denotes an action which began before a definite moment in the past, continued up to that moment and was still going on at that moment. It is used with: -since, for We had
Been climbing for six hours when at last we reached the summit of the mountain.
Exclusive: denotes an action which was no longer going on at a definite moment in the past, but which had been in progress not long before. Outside everything was in deep snow. It had been snowing hard all night?(not at that moment)
Ex.6 Put the verb in brackets into the Past Perfect Continuous.
1. Clouds (gather) all day now rain came down in sheets. 2. “I’ am coming all right, “said Mr. Dilinger, who (shiver) for the last ten minutes. 3. I realized that he had come away with me in order to discuss once more what he already (discuss) for hours with his sister-in-law.4. I slowly released a breath and only then realized that I (hold) it for some time.
Ex.7 Put the verb in brackets into the Past Indefinite, the Past Perfect and the Past Perfect Tense.
1. When I (leave )home, the snow already (stop). 2. It (be) 6 p.m. and Jack (be) tired because he (work) hard all day. 3. He clearly (listen) to our conversation and I (wonder) how much he (hear). 4.She (say) she (teach) at this school for twenty years. 5.He (say) he just (finish) the book he (read) all this time. 6.The postman (come) after lunch and (bring) me a letter which I (expect) for a long time.7.It (rain) since the morning, and the fields (be) quite muddy.
Ex.8 Answer the questions.
Examples: Did you work at your English Yesterday? – Yes, I did.
How long had you been working at your English before you went for a walk?(for an hour )- I had been working at my English for an hour.
1.Did it rain yesterday?........ . How long had it been raining when you left home?(for 3 hours)....... . 2. Did she work at the University before she retired?......... . How long had she been working there before she retired?(for 25 years).... . 3. Did you stay at the hotel when you were in London?........ . How long had you been living there when Jane arrived?(for a fortnight)..... .4. Did they study French before they went to France?...... . How long had they been studying it before they went there?(for 5 years ).... 5. Did they work on their book last year?....... . How had they been working on it before they sent it to the publishing house?(for 2 years).... .
Ex.9 Make up sentences according to the pattern.
Example: You come home. Your children were watching television.(they/ not/ do/ any work)-They hadn’t been doing any work.
1.Brother and sister came home with angry faces.(they/ quarrel/ on the way home) 2. There was nobody in the flat. But a delicious smell of fresh bread was in the air.(Mother /bake bread) 3. Mary closed her eyes. She felt very tired. (she/ read/ too long) 4. You came home from a party. You were nearly dropping on your feet.(you /dance/ all night) 5. When I looked at my typewriter, I saw a sheet of paper in it.(somebody/ use/ my typewriter)
Ex.10 Put the verb in brackets into the Past Indefinite, the Past Continuous and the Past Perfect Continuous.
1. When I (get) home that evening, my little son(eat) dinner himself for the first time.2. My sister’s wedding (be) the only thing everybody (talk) at home for the last two weeks. 3. They (go) back to the hotel and up to their suite, where they (expect) the inspector at six – thirty.4. Presently he (turn) to look at the corner where she (stand). 5. He just(leave)for the airport when I (call). 6.” Who are you thinking of?” he (ask) after he (look) at me for a few seconds.7.They stand in the open front doorway, waiting for her to come in out of the rain.8. Nobody (know) where Smith (go). 9.When he (come) back to the conference room, he (see) that the situation (change).