II. Сводная таблица правил чтения некоторых английских согласных букв и буквосочетаний

Буква/

Буквосочетание

Звук

Рус. соотв.

Примеры

c

[s]

[с]

circle, cycle, cent, center, cease

[k]

[к]

cake, case, cut, cat, Canada, cube, culture

ck

[k]

[к]

Nick, back, crack, clock, mock, clock

ch

[ʧ]

[ч]

church, chase, children, such, much, rich

tch

[ʧ]

[ч]

watch, catch, match, Dutch, pitch

g

[ʤ]

[дж]

ginger, gentle, orange, luggage, gipsy, gym

[ɡ]

[г]

gate, girl, bag, baggage, luggage, good, game

dg

[ʤ]

[дж]

dodge, lodge, badge, budget, judge

ng

[ŋ]

[-]

sing, cling, ding, bring, sting

sh

[ʃ]

[ш]

share, shelf, push, shrimp, she, shore, blush

th

[ð]

[-]

bathe, this, that, those, these, them, they, thus

[0]

[-]

think, thank, thesis, path, bath, tooth, thought

ght

[t]

[т]

daughter, caught, taught, night, brought

wr

[r]

[р]

write, wrong, wreathe, wrap, wring, wrist

qu

[kw]

[-]

quarter, quiet, queen, quick, request, square

wh

[w]

[-]

white, when, why, whale, where, what

NB: who, whole, whose

ph

[f]

[ф]

phone, phrase, physics, photo, paragraph

ps

[s]

[с]

psychology, psalm, , pseudo

kn

[n]

[н]

knife, knight, know, knit, knee, knew, knock

ture

[ʧə]

[ч^э]

structure, culture, texture, mixture, future

sure

[ʃə]

[ш^э]

pressure

tion

[ʃn] [ʧn]

[шн][чн]

distinction, action, question, production, station

sion

[ʃn] [ʒn]

[шн][жн]

procession, division, provision, dimension

age

[ıʤ]

[идж]

breakage, package, luggage, storage, cabbage

gu

[ɡ]

[г]

guide, guitar, guess, guest, guy

Infinitive

Past Simple

Participle I

Перевод

1.

cost

cut

forecast

let

put

read

set

shut

split

cost

cut

forecast

let

put

read

set

shut

split

cost

cut

forecast

let

put

read

set

shut

split

стоить

резать

предвидеть

разрешать

класть

читать

ставить

закрывать

раскалывать

2.

bend

build

lend

send

spend

bent

built

lent

sent

spent

bent

built

lent

sent

spent

сгибать, гнуть

строить

давать взаймы

посылать

тратить

3.

deal

feel

lean

learn

mean

keep

smell

spell

dealt

felt

leant

learnt

meant

kept

smelt

spelt

dealt

felt

leant

learnt

meant

kept

smelt

spelt

иметь дело

чувствовать

прислоняться

учить

означать

держать

пахнуть

говорить по буквам

4.

leave

lose

left

lost

left

lost

оставлять, покидать

терять

5.

lay

pay

say

laid

paid

said

laid

paid

said

класть

платить

говорить

6.

sell

tell

sold

told

sold

told

продавать

сказать, рассказывать

7.

have

hold

lead

make

meet

withhold

had

held

led

made

met

withheld

had

held

led

made

met

withheld

иметь

держать, проводить

вести

делать

встречать

отказывать

8.

begin

drink

ring

began

drank

rang

begun

drunk

rung

начинать

пить

звонить

9.

bind

find

bound

found

bound

found

связывать

находить

10.

become

come

overcome

run

became

came

overcame

ran

become

come

overcome

run

становиться, делаться

приходить

преодолевать

бежать

11.

fly

grow

draw

know

show

withdraw

flew

grew

drew

knew

showed

withdrew

flown

grown

drawn

known

shown

withdrawn

летать

расти

тянуть

знать

показывать

отзывать

12.

bring

buy

catch

seek

think

teach

brought

bought

caught

sought

thought

taught

brought

bought

caught

sought

thought

taught

приносить

покупать

ловить

искать

думать

учить

13.

arise

break

fall

forbid

forgive

give

rise

speak

take

undertake

write

arose

broke

fell

forbade, forbid

forgave

gave

rose

spoke

took

undertook

wrote

arisen

broken

fallen

forbidden, forbid

forgiven

given

risen

spoken

taken

undertaken

written

возникать

ломаться

падать

запрещать

прощать

давать

увеличиваться

говорить

брать

предпринимать

писать