- •Part I. Chemistry of organic compounds text 1. Organic chemistry. Introduction
- •Practise the pronunciation of the words given. Make sure you remember their meanings.
- •Read, translate and define what parts of speech the words, their derivatives and related words belong to. Consult the dictionary, write out the meanings that are new for you and memorize them.
- •Find definition for each of the terms given.
- •Text 2. Organic chemistry. Historical highlights
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •The most important types of industrial production involving the processing and preparation of organic substances are the following:
- •Speak on major trends in Industrial Organic Chemistry.
- •How do you envisage the future of the organic chemistry?
- •Find definition for each of the terms given.
- •Text 3. Butlerov’s theory of the chemical structure of organic compounds. Part I
- •Memorize the following words and word combinations.
- •Practise the pronunciation of the words. Revise their meanings.
- •Read, translate and define what parts of speech the words, their derivatives and related words belong to. Consult the dictionary, write out the meanings that are new for you and memorize them.
- •Discuss the following.
- •Text 4. Butlerov’s theory of the chemical structure of organic compounds. Part II
- •Find the equivalents for the words and word combinations in the left column from the column in the right.
- •Find the pairs of synonyms.
- •Read, translate and define what parts of speech the words, their derivatives and related words belong to. Consult the dictionary, write out the meanings that are new for you.
- •Find the right statement.
- •Translate the following sentences in writing. Make up your own sentences with the parts in italics; use the words from the exercises 1, 2, 3.
- •Look through the text. Find the sentences with the Adverbial Clauses of Condition and analyse them. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •Read the text and answer the following questions.
- •Find suitable definition for each of the terms given.
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •Make a short report on Butlerov’s theory.
- •Do you think whether it is important for you as a specialist to know Butlerov’s theory? Give your arguments.
- •Choose the Russian equivalents from the right column.
- •Look trough the text and find the corresponding verbs denoting the following physical and chemical processes.
- •Find suitable definition for each of the words given.
- •Read the text and decide if the following statements are true or false.
- •Answer the following questions.
- •Discuss the following with your partner: a) what is a covalent bond; b) what is unsaturation; c) what are conjugated double bonds? text 6. Hydrocarbons
- •Memorize the following words and word combinations.
- •Read the text and answer the questions given.
- •Read the texts below to get more information on hydrocarbons.
- •Look through the text about alkanes again and answer the questions given.
- •Look through the texts about alkenes and alkynes again and answer the questions given.
- •Read the text below and make up questions of your own.
- •Read the text below and give the summary of it.
- •Translate the sentences given.
- •Text 7. Aliphatic and cyclic hydrocarbons
- •Translate the following word combinations.
- •Read the text and answer the questions given.
- •Draw a hierarchical scheme of hydrocarbon compounds classification.
- •Find suitable definition for each of the words given.
- •Translate from Russian into English.
- •Practise the pronunciation of the words. Make sure you remember their meanings.
- •Translate the following words and word combinations into Russian:
- •Choose the proper English equivalents from the right column.
- •Read the text, find the following parts of the sentences and translate them into Russian. Define the grammatical forms of the underlined words.
- •Fill in the gaps with the words given. Be attentive: some words are odd.
- •Say whether the statements below are true or false. Prove your point of view.
- •Answer the questions given.
- •Look through the text and find the following word combinations in it. Translate them into Russian.
- •Translate the following word combinations into English.
- •Answer the following questions.
- •Speak on: a) four methods or forms of chain-growth polymerization; b) polymerization of ethylene; c) step-growth polymerization.
- •Read the text below to get more information on addition polymerization. Addition polymerization
- •Memorize the following words and word combinations.
- •Answer the questions given.
- •Read the text below to get more information on step-growth polymerization. Step-growth polymerization
- •Memorize the following words and word combinations.
- •Give appropriate English equivalents.
- •Answer the questions given.
- •Part II. Petrochemical industry text 1. General properties of petroleum
- •What class of hydrocarbons do the compounds enlisted in the third passage belong to? Use the general molecule formula of this class and define the chemical formulae of them.
- •Speak on the fields of hydrocarbons applications according depending on the number of their carbon atoms.
- •Find the definition for each of the words given.
- •Translate the sentences given.
- •Text 2. The petroleum-chemical industry
- •Look through the text to find the following verbs, translate and memorize them.
- •Find the following words and word combinations, give their Russian equivalents and memorize them.
- •Translate the following sentences with modal verbs.
- •Translate into English.
- •Learn the following dialogue.
- •Look through Text a and Text b and say what they are about.
- •Give titles to both texts. Say what is common for both of them?
- •Give examples of a) specification chemicals; b) performance chemicals.
- •Read Text b and answer the questions.
- •Say a few words about chemical plants.
- •Read Text c and make a short report on oil refining and petrochemical industry.
- •Text 3. Synthetic rubbers
- •Practise the pronunciation of the words given. Make sure you know their meanings.
- •Find the pairs of synonyms.
- •Find the proper definition.
- •Read the text and answer the following questions.
- •Translate into English.
- •Read the following text and put questions to the words in bold type.
- •Learn the following dialogue.
- •Text 4. Polyethylene
- •Look through the text to find the following verbs, give their Russian equivalents.
- •Describe the process of producing high density polyethylene.
- •Fig. 1. Polyethylene production scheme
- •Read text “Polyisoprene” and describe the process of polymerizing isoprene. Polyisoprene
- •F ig. 2. Polyisoprene production scheme text 5. Acetylene
- •Fig. 3. Acetylene production scheme
- •Look through the text and say what is the difference between this text and the previous one.
- •Read the first two paragraphs and say a few words about the burner.
- •Read the following two paragraphs and say what goes on in the flame room.
- •Fig. 4. Acetylene (II) production scheme text 7. Butylene and ethylene (triolefin process)
- •Fig. 5. Ethylene and butylene production scheme text 8. Polyvinylchloride
- •Fig. 6. Ethylene and butylene production scheme
Memorize the following words and word combinations.
hevea [`hJvjq] brasillensis [`brxzIlqnsIz] – гевея (каучуконосное дерево)
to vulcanize [`vAlkqnaIz] – вулканизировать (резину)
rigid [`rIGId] – жесткий
cross linking – поперечная связь
to fall into – зд. делиться на
general-purpose–общего назначения
speciality rubber – резина специального назначения
SBR, styrene [`staI(q)rJn]-butadiene [bju:tq`daIJn]-rubber – сополимер стирола и бутадиена, бутадиен-стирольный каучук
stereospecific –стереорегулярный, стереоупорядоченный
available – доступный,
linkage – связь
plane – плоскость
resilient [rI`zIljqnt] – упругий, эластичный
gutta-percha [`gAtq`pq:Cq] – гуттаперча
balata [`bxlqtq] – вид каучука, латекса, для конвейерных лент и элементов ременных передач
EP, epoxy (polymer) – эпоксидный
resistant to oxidation – устойчивый к окислению
effect of light – воздействие света
terpolymer – тройной сополимер
EPT – тройной сополимер этилена и пропилена
trade name – торговое название
transparent – прозрачный
abrasive [q`breIsIv] resistant – устойчивый к истиранию
waterproof – водонепроницаемый
ABS,acrylonitrile[,xkrIlqV`naItraIl] -butadiene styrene – акрилонитрил-бутадиен-стирол
butyl[`bjHtIl] rubber –бутилкаучук
nitrile [`naItrIl,-traIl] – нитрил
foamed – пористый, пенообразный
dipped goods – товары, полученные путем погружения в латекс; гуммированные продукты
crumb – крошка, рассыпчатый
coagulation [kqu,xgjq`leISqn] – коагуляция, свертывание
Practise the pronunciation of the words given. Make sure you know their meanings.
Isoprene [`aIsqVprJn], diolefins [daI`qVlefInz], propylene [`prqVpIlJn], hexadiene [,heksq`daIJn], cyclopentadiene [,saIklqV,pFntq`daIJn], chloroprene [`klLrqV,prJn], polyether [,pOlI`eTq], polyurethane [,pOlI`jVqrq,TeIn].
Find the pairs of synonyms.
Bond, produce, emerge, application, artificial, purpose, obtain, linkage, aim, appear, synthetic, use.
Find the proper definition.
a) Vulcanization; b) SBR rubber; c) isomerization; d) polymerization.
The rearrangement of the carbon skeleton of a molecule.
Treating rubber with sulphur.
The combination of a number of unsaturated molecules of the same or different compounds to form a single large molecule.
Synthetic materials made by copolymerization of butadiene and styrene.
Say a few words on: a) Natural rubber. b) The classes of synthetic rubbers. c) The SBR rubbers. d) Stereospecific rubbers. e) Products with a cis-configuration. f) Products with a trans-configuration. g) EP rubbers.
Read the text and answer the following questions.
What gives the rubber a more rigid structure?
What do synthetic rubbers fall into?
What process produces the SBR rubbers?
What are the stereospecific rubbers based on?
What properties have the EP rubbers?
What type of rubber has been developed in the USA?
What are the best known speciality rubbers?
What reactions are involved in the production of synthetic rubbers?
What are the polymerization reactions involved in the production of synthetic rubbers carried out in?
What is latex used for?
Translate into English.
1) Бутиловый каучук получают полимеризацией изобутилена, нитриловый каучук производится полимеризацией бутадиена и акрилонитрита. 2). Спрос на синтетический каучук продолжает увеличиваться. 3) В будущем синтетический каучук потребуется в еще большем количестве. 4) Строительство нефтехимических комплексов с производством синтетического каучука планируется в некоторых районах нашей страны.
Read the following text and put questions to the words in bold type.
Butadiene is produced by the catalytic dehydrogenation of n-butane or n-butylene. More recently it has been found possible to steam-crack hydrocarbon fractions in such a way as to produce large amounts of diolefins as well as olefins. This promises to become the cheapest process for the manufacture of butadiene.
Isoprene is produced by dehydrogenation of isoprene obtained by fractionation of straight-run pentane/isopentane.
Styrene is produced from ethylene and benzene.
The price of the base material, monomers, is an important feature in synthetic rubber manufacture. Ethylene and propylene are cheaply and abundantly available by cracking or steam-cracking petroleum fractions. Before World War II a process was developed for the manufacture of butadiene by first chlorination the C4 fraction (butane/butylene) of cracking gas to produce 2.3-dichlorobutane which was then converted into butadiene by dehydrochlorination.