Find definition for each of the terms given.

A nonmetallic element existing in crystalline forms: graphite, diamond, occurring in carbon dioxide, coal, oil, and all organic compounds. Symbol: C; atomic no.: 6; atomic wt.: 12.011; valency: 2, 3, or 4; relative density: 1.8-2.1 (amorphous), 1.9-2.3 (graphite), 3.15-3.53 (diamond); boiling pt.: 4827°C.

Any of a group of polysaccharides that remotely (отдаленно) resemble sugars, but are not sweet and are often insoluble.

A weak acid formed when carbon dioxide combines with water: obtained only in aqueous solutions, never in the pure state. Formula: H₂CO₃.

Any of the chemical elements fluorine (фтор), chlorine, bromine, iodine (йод), and astatine (астат). They are all monovalent and readily form negative ions.

A substance that decomposes rapidly under certain conditions with the production of gases, which expand by the heat of the reaction. The energy released is used in firearms, blasting, and rocket propulsion (движение).

An allotropic nonmetallic element, occurring free in volcanic regions and in combined state in gypsum, pyrite, and galena (галенит). It is used in the production of sulphuric acid, in the vulcanization of rubber. Symbol: S; atomic no.: 16; atomic wt.: 32.066; valency: 2, 4, or 6; relative density: 2.07 (rhombic), 1.957 (monoclinic); melting pt.: 115.22°C (rhombic), 119.0°C (monoclinic); boiling pt.: 444.674°C.

A white water-soluble crystalline compound with a saline (соленый) taste and often an odour of ammonia, produced by protein metabolism and excreted (выделяемый) in urine. A synthetic form is used as a fertilizer and in the manufacture of synthetic resins. Formula: CO(NH₂)₂ Also called: carbamide.

Any of a large group of nitrogenous compounds of high molecular weight that are essential constituents of all living organisms. They consist of one or more chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds and are folded into a specific three-dimensional shape maintained by further chemical bonding.

An allotropic nonmetallic element occurring in phosphates and living matter. It is a toxic flammable phosphorescent (светящийся) white solid; the red form is less reactive and nontoxic: used in matches, pesticides, and alloys. Symbol: P; atomic no.: 15; atomic wt.: 30.973 762; valency: 3 or 5; relative density: 1.82 (white), 2.20 (red); melting pt.: 44.1°C (white); boiling pt.: 280°C (white).

A flammable colourless gas that is the lightest and most abundant element in the universe. It occurs mainly in water and in most organic compounds and is used in the production of ammonia and other chemicals, in the hydrogenation of fats and oils, and in welding. Symbol: H; atomic no.:1; atomic wt.: 1.00794; valency: 1; density: 0.08988 kg/m3; melting pt.: -259.34°C; boiling pt.: -252.87°C.

A colourless odourless highly reactive gaseous element: the most abundant element in the earth's crust (49.2 per cent). It is essential for aerobic respiration and almost all combustion. Symbol: O; atomic no.: 8; atomic wt.: 15.9994; valency: 2; density: 1.429 kg/m3; melting pt.: -218.79°C; boiling pt.: -182.97°C.

A colourless odourless relatively unreactive gaseous element (forms 78% of the air volume), occurs in many compounds, is an essential constituent of proteins and nucleic acids: used in the manufacture of ammonia and other chemicals and as a refrigerant. Symbol: N; atomic no.: 7; atomic wt.: 14.00674; valency: 3 or 5; density: 1/2506 kg/m³; melting pt.: -210.00°C; boiling pt.: -195.8°C.

Capable of igniting and burning.

A liquid that contains a colouring material; can be used to stain fabrics,skins, etc.

A colourless odourless incombustible gas present in the atmosphere and formed during respiration, the decomposition, combustion of organic compounds, in the reaction of acids with carbonates: used in carbonated drinks, fire extinguishers, as dry ice for refrigeration. Formula: CO₂. Also called: carbonic-acid gas.

The process of producing a compound by a chemical reaction or series of reactions, usually from simpler or commonly available starting materials.