2. Choose the Russian equivalents from the right column.

   double bond; covalently bonded; closed ring; conjugated chain; occur; alcohol; aromatic structure; stable covalent bond.

   замкнутое кольцо; случаться, иметь место; ароматическая структура; устойчивая ковалентная связь; двойная связь; спирт; сопряженная цепь; ковалентно-связанный.

3. Choose the English equivalents from the right column.

   распадаться; чистый или смешанный; смесь; молекулярный вес; превращение; растворимость; отделение; диапазон, пределы амплитуда, ряд.

   conversion; solubility; separation; mixture; pure or mixed; range; decompose; molecular weight.

4. Read, translate and define what parts of speech the words, their derivatives and related words belong to. Consult the dictionary, write out the meanings and transcription to the words that are new for you.

Alternate – alternately – alternation – alternating – alternative – alternatively – alternativeness; converse – conversion – convert – converted; dissolvable – dissolvability – dissolve – dissolved – dissolver; mix – mixable – mixture; pure – pureness – purification – purify – purity; separate– separately– separation – separator.

2. Look trough the text and find the corresponding verbs denoting the following physical and chemical processes.

1. 1) To combine or blend (ingredients, liquids, objects, etc.) together into one mass; 2) to become or have the capacity to become combined, joined;

2. to make purer, refine;

3. to change or cause to change from a liquid to a vapour so rapidly that bubbles of vapour are formed copiously (обильно) in the liquid;

4. to occur or cause to occur successively or by turns; 2) to swing repeatedly from one condition, etc., to another; 3) to interchange regularly or in succession;

5. 1) to break down (organic matter) or (of organic matter) to be broken down physically and chemically by bacterial or fungal action; rot; 2) to break down or cause to break down into simpler chemical compounds; 3) to break up or separate into constituent parts;

6. 1) to liquefy (a solid) or (of a solid) to become liquefied, as a result of the action of heat; 2) to become or make liquid; dissolve;

7. 1) to go or cause to go into solution; 2) to become or cause to become liquid; melt.

2. Find suitable definition for each of the words given.

carboxylic acid; catenation;

solvent; ether;

white spirit; petroleum ether;

tar; solubility.

1. Any of a class of organic acids containing the carboxyl group.

2. Any of various dark viscid (вязкий) substances obtained by the destructive distillation (сухая перегонка) of organic matter such as coal, wood, or peat.

3. A liquid capable of dissolving another substance.

4. A volatile (летучая) mixture of the higher alkane hydrocarbons, obtained as a fraction of petroleum and used as a solvent.

5. A colourless volatile highly flammable liquid with a characteristic sweetish odour, made by the reaction of sulphuric acid (серная кислота) with ethanol: used as a solvent and anaesthetic. Formula: C₂H₅OC₂H₅.

6. Arrangement in a series of chains or rings.

7. 1) The ability of a substance to dissolve; the quality of being soluble 2)a measure of this ability for a particular substance in a particular solvent, equal to the quantity of substance dissolving in a fixed quantity of solvent to form a saturated solution under specified temperature and pressure. It is expressed in grams per cubic decametre, grams per hundred grams of solvent, moles per mole, etc.

8. A colourless liquid obtained from petroleum and used as a substitute for turpentine (терпентин – вязкая жидкость, выделяемая из хвойных деревьев).