Vocabulary

• to cause health problems – спричиняти проблеми із здоров’ям

• to be harmful to – бути шкідливим

• to influence – впливати

• to spoil health – псувати здоров’я

• to taste – смакувати

• expensive, cheap – дорого, дешево

Exercise 1: Read and translate the text:

Is fast food bad?

There is no such thing as a "bad" food, but there are some foods you should try not to eat regularly, because it is very harmful. Fast food is high in calories, fat and cholesterol. Eating such food too much over a long period of time can cause health problems such as high blood pressure, heart disease, and others. Such food has more sugar and salt. There is a lot of oil, although it tastes good but it is harmful to your organism. A lot of people like to eat hamburgers and drink coca cola. But what is tasty is not always healthy. Fast food makes you fat. Fast food also has no vitamins, and minerals which are so important for our bodies. Such food influences psychology. That’s why many people become very nervous.

Fast foods are easy to cook quickly. People who are busy all the time have no time to cook. Many fast foods are made in factories, and frozen so that we can reheat or quickly cook them at home. Of course we can buy lots of fast foods in the supermarkets too, because it is not so expensive. But we should remember that our health is the most important thing and we should find time for healthy food.

Exercise 2: Answer the questions:

1. How do you think, can food be bad?

2. Is fast food bad for the organism? Why?

3. What does fast food consist of?

4. What can fast food cause?

5. How can fast food influence your psychological state of mind?

6. What are disadvantages of fast food?

7. What are advantages of fast food?

8. What is fast food for you?

9. Do you like fast food? How often do you eat it?

10. What is your favourite type of fast food?

11. What do you prefer: healthy food or fast food?

12. What should we eat to be healthy?

Types of fast food:

Name of the food	Historical information
Pop-Corn	It’s impossible to imagine American take-away food or snacks without popcorn. Clear as a day, it is made from corn. But what about the first part of the word “pop”. Actually, when you put corn on a fire, the water inside makes the corn explode. This makes a “pop” noise. That is why we call it popcorn.
The Hot Dog	The original name of the hot dog was the frankfurter, after the German city of Frankfurt. In the United States frankfurters, sausages on buns, have the name of “dachshund”. It is a dog from Germany with a very long body and short legs. Dachshund sausages first became popular in New-York especially at baseball games. The men walked up and down and said “Get your hot dachshund sausages here!” The newspaper cartoonist Tad Dorgan saw the men with the dachshund sausages and got an idea for a cartoon, but he didn’t know how to spell the word “dachshund” and under the picture he just wrote: “Get your hot dogs!” The sausage in bread looks like the German dog, a “dachshund”.
The Hamburger	The hamburger has no connection to ham, but with the German town of Hamburg, which was famous for its steak. German immigrants to the United States introduced the “hamburger steak”. Hamburger steaks were served on buns for the first time. Than, hamburgers have become well-known and favourite all around the world, because of McDonald’s, where hamburgers were the main food on its menu. The first restaurant McDonald’s was opened in San Bernadino, California, in 1949.
Coca-Cola	The world famous fresh drink Coca-Cola first was used in medicine. It was a mixing of coca leaves and cola nuts. This mix wasn’t a success and then another druggist, Jacobs, had an idea of selling Coca-Cola as a soda drink. He mixed the syrup with soda water.

Grammatical Topic

THE PRONOUN (Займенник)

• Зворотні займенники утворюються додаванням закінчення –self (в однині) та –selves (в множині) до присвійних займенників my, your, our, особових займенників him, her, it, them та неозначеного займенника one: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself.

You call yourself a gentleman – Ти називаєш себе джентльменом.

I told myself that it was true – Я сказав собі, що це була правда.

He does not like to talk about himself. – Він не любить говорити про себе.

Let me introduce myself. – Дозвольте відрекомендуватись.

• Наголос у зворотних займенників падає на –self, –selves.

• Деякі дієслова із зворотнім займенником перекладаються на українську мову часткою – ся(сь): I dressed myself – Я одяглась. А також такі займенники можуть перекладатись українським еквівалентом сам: I’ve done it myself – Я зробив це сам.

• В англійській мові є два взаємних займенники: each other та one another, що мають однакове значення – один одного, один одному.

We love each other very much – Ми любимо один одного дуже сильно.

We love one another – Ми любимо один одного.

They take each other’s hands – Вони беруться за руки.

• До вказівних займенників належать: this – цей, that – той, such – такий, the same – той самий. Займенники this та that мають форму множини: these – ці, та those – ті. Займенник this (these) вживається стосовно предметів,що знаходяться близько від того, хто говорить, а також тоді, коли йдеться про щось близьке в часі. Займенник that (those) вживається стосовно предметів,що знаходяться віддалено від того, хто говорить, а також тоді, коли йдеться про щось більш віддалене в часі.

• Між займенником such і обчислюваним іменником в однині вживається неозначений артикль: Such a nice day! I have never seen such a bird.

Exercise 1: Complete the sentence using reflective pronouns:

Model: I’ve repaired my TV … – I’ve repaired my TV myself.

1. I’ll go to the post-office …

2. She cooks breakfast …

3. We’ll water (поливати) the flowers …

4. The soldiers build the bridge (міст) …

5. Mother said to the boy, “You must always make your bed …”

6. In your place, I should go there …

7. The professor did the operation …

8. The doctor went to Lviv …

Exercise 2: Put into the plural:

1.This is an apple. 2.That is a house. 3.That is a cat. 4.This is a chair. 5.Is this a table? 6.This is a garden. 7.This is a bus and that is a building.

Заняття №17

Харчові пріоритети сучасної молоді. Займенник