Vocabulary

• the hospitality – гостинність

• cuisine – кухня

• eating habits – звички у їжі

• broth – бульйон

• to be rich in – бути багатим на

• the substantial meal – суттєва їжа

Exercise 1: Read and translate the text:

Ukrainian National Dishes

The hospitality of the Ukrainian people is well-known throughout the world. When a foreigner comes in Ukraine first he particularly knows- it is our cookery – national dishes and meal times. He should know that in this country national dishes are not the same as in his country, eating habits differ from one country to another.

The usual meals in Ukraine are breakfast, dinner and supper. They are not at a definite hour. Breakfast is the first meal of the day. But it is often informal meal. Most people do not have a full breakfast, and some have no breakfast at all, except a hot drink. The lighter evening meal is called supper.

The most substantial meal is dinner. The Ukrainians can’t imagine it without the first course. To begin with they may have either the Ukrainian borshch (beet and cabbage soup), dumplings, fish soup, chicken broth, cabbage soup (thick soup made of meat broth, new cabbage, potatoes and onions), okroshka (cold kvass soup with vegetables and chopped meat or fish). Then follows the main course. The Ukrainian national cuisine is rich in different delicious things such as: holubtsi (cabbage leaves stuffed with meat and rice in sour-cream sauce), Kyiv style cutlets (chicken cutlets filled with butter), varenyky (either with cherries, blackberries, cottage cheese or mashed potatoes etc.), kholodets’ and others.

In the many Ukrainian homes dinner is followed by a cup of tea with a slice of lemon, jam or sweets. The well-known Ukrainian soft-drink is uzvar (kompot).

“Ukrainian food is of extremely good quality, and it really tastes of something – unlike American food, for example, which all tastes the same” says an English television’s famous cook who has visited our country. But let us remember: “One should eat to live, not live to eat”.

Exercise 2: Answer the questions:

1. What is well-known throughout the world?

2. What are the usual meals in Ukraine?

3. Are they at a definite hour?

4. What is the first meal of the day? Does everyone have it?

5. What do the Ukrainian have for breakfast?

6. What is the most substantial meal of the day?

7. What is the first course?

8. What is the main course?

9. What do the Ukrainian have for dinner?

10. What Ukrainian national dished do you know?

11. What Ukrainian national dished do you like \ dislike?

12. What Ukrainian national dished do you like to cook?

13. What do the Ukrainian drink?

14. What is supper? Does the whole family gather at supper?

15. How do you understand the proverb: “One should eat to live, not live to eat”?

Exercise 3: Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:

1. There are many tasty dishes in Ukrainian cuisine.

2. One of the most popular dishes is borshch.

3. Borshch is a vegetable soup made out of beets, cabbage, potatoes, tomatoes, carrots, onions, garlic, dill.

4. Breads and wheat products are very important to Ukrainian cuisine.

5. Uzvar is traditional compote made of dried fruit, mainly apples, pears.

6. "Holubtsi", or stuffed cabbage, is another favourite dish. "Varenyky" filled with potatoes, meat, cheese or berries such as blue-berries or cherries are also very delicious Ukrainian dish.

7. Of course, every region of Ukraine has its own recipes and traditions.

Exercise 4: Imagine you are given a shopping list. Think what products you must buy. Make your own shopping list. See the example:

a loaf of brown bread a bottle of vinegar

0.5 kg of cheese 2 medium-sized herrings

1 kg of pork a tin of sardines

3 lemons 2 kg of potatoes

0.3 kg of ham a large chicken

1 small cabbage biscuits

a tin of condensed milk a bag of flour

a bunch of radishes a 0.5 kg pack of sour cream

a drum of margarine 0.2 kg of butter

Exercise 5: Work in groups. Discuss the following questions:

1. What do you think about eating out? Do people eat out because they can’t cook or because they want to stay in public or for some other reasons?

2. Take-away food is getting more and more popular in Ukraine. Can you name any advantages and disadvantages of this trend? Which are more numerous? What are the most popular takeaway meals in Ukraine? What is your favourite and least favourite takeaway meal? Why?

3. What do you understand by the term “good food”?

4. Before visiting a new place one may hear certain things about its culinary traditions. How often do these things come true when one actually visits this place? Can you recall any similar situations from your own experience?

Exercise 6: Read and answer the questionnaire. Give your reasons.

Discuss in pairs or groups your attitudes and tastes.

1. When you buy food, which is more important?

a) appearance b) price c) quality

2. If you buy apples, which kind do you choose?

a) red b) green c) the cheapest

3. When you have a meal, what do you enjoy it most for?

a) the food b) the company c) the relaxation d) the television

4. If you were on a desert island what food would you miss most?

a) chocolate b) steak c) bread

5. If a waiter suggests water, which do you ask for?

a) sparkling b) still c) tap

6. When you look at the menu in a restaurant, what do you usually choose?

a) a dish you know b) a dish you don’t know

7. If you ‘re having dinner in a restaurant, will you always have a dessert?

a) yes b) no

8. If someone offered the following unusual food, which would you try?

a) cheese ice-cream b) strawberry crisps c)neither

9. If someone suggested a quick meal, what would you choose?

a) fast food b) sandwich c) a picnic d) something more substantial

10. What would you be happiest to leave out of your present diet?

a) meat b) vegetables and fruit c) desserts d) wine

11. If you could put flavour on stamps, what would you choose?

a) chilli b) cheese c) banana d) another e) none

12. If someone said “Never eat anything you can’t pronounce” what would you say?

a) I cannot agree more b) Nonsense!

Add up your scores using the following table. Then look at the profiles below.

1 a)2; b)1; c)3; 7 a)1; b)2;

2 a)2; b)2; c)1; 8 a)3; b)2; c)1;

3 a)3; b)2; c)1; d)0; 9 a)0; b)1; c)2; d)3;

4 a)1; b)2; c)3; 10 a)2; b)3; c)1; d)3;

5 a)2; b)2; c)1; 11 a)1; b)1; c)1; d)0; e)0;

6 a)0; b)2; 12 a)0; b)3;

25 – 30 points

You are a true gourmet. You are adventurous in your eating habits and not afraid to try something new. You appreciate good food and if you opened your own restaurant you would probably be successful.

15 – 25 points

You are quite conservative in your eating habits, but you know what you like and you enjoy your food. If you tried eating a few different things you might be pleasantly surprised.

0 – 15 points

You don’t much mind what you eat as long as there is plenty of it. However, you feel safest with foods you know. Why not try something different for a change? If you try something new, you may find that you like it.

http://www.lnu.edu.ua/faculty/intrel/navchmet/food.pdf

Grammatical Topic

THE PRONOUN (Займенник)

• До заперечних займенників належать: no, nobody, no one, nothing, none. Nobody was there – Там нікого не було. Заперечний займенник і так несе у собі заперечення, тому часточки not вже не потрібно. Заперечний займенник no вживається перед іменником: She has no table.

• Складні заперечні займенники nobody, no one ніхто, нічого та nothing ніщо, нічого, none жоден: No one answered – Ніхто не відповів. Nothing special – нічого особливого. He said my nothing – Він нічого мені не сказав. None of these rooms were ready – Жодна з цих кімнат не буда готова (ні одна з цих кімнат).

• Займенники all всі, весь, вся, все, both обидва, each, every, everybody кожний, everything все, other, another інший є означальними займенниками. All the students were present – Всі студенти були присутні. We worked all day – Ми працювали весь день. All are present – Всі присутні. All was done – все було зроблено. Each has his own room – Кожен має свою власну кімнату. Everybody should know it – Кожен повинен це знати.

• Займенник other має значення інший: The other books are more interesting – Інші книги цікавіші. Займенник another має не лише значення інший, другий але і друге значення: ще один: This pen doesn’t write. Give me another. – Ця ручка не пише. Дай мені іншу (у значенні ще одну).

• До кількісних займенників належать many, much багато, few, little мало, a few, a little кілька, трохи. Всі вони мають ступені порівняння:

many – more – most

much – more – most

few – fewer – fewest

little – less – least

• Займенники many, few вживаються перед злічувальними іменниками в множині: There are many students in the room – В кімнаті є багато студентів. She has few books – Вона має мало книжок.

• Займенники much, little вживаються перед незлічувальними іменниками: There is much snow on the ground – На землі багато снігу. I have very little time – У мене дуже мало часу.

• Наявність артикля перед займенниками few та little змінює їх значення:

We have little sugar – Ми маємо мало цукру.

We have a little sugar – Ми маємо трохи цукру.

They have few chairs – У них є мало крісел

They have a few chairs – У них є кілька крісел

Exercise 1: Translate the sentences:

1. Nobody writes this rule.

2. She has no sense of humor.

3. He said me nothing.

4. There is no sun in the sky.

5. All know this sentence. All was done well.

6. Everything is clear.

7. Pollution is another problem.

8. The other guests were satisfied.

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with few, little, a few, a little:

1. I couldn’t buy this coat because I had … money left.

2. Let us buy some ice-cream, I have … money left.

3. … pupils speak English as well as she does.

4. There were very … people in the streets.

5. We can’t play because we have too … time.

6. Give me … apples.

7. They spent … days in the country and then returned to Kyiv.

8. Ask Ann to help you to translate the text, she knows French …

9. Mary works hard at her English. She makes … mistakes in her speech.

10. Can you lend me … money?

Exercise 3: Fill in the blanks with much, many:

1. Jane hasn't got … time.

2. Do you know … words in English?

3. He didn't eat … meat.

4. There isn't … butter in the fridge.

5. How … eggs did the hens lay?

6. Samantha has as… money as Bruce.

7. How … lessons do you have on Mondays?

8. There was too … noise in the streets.

9. I cannot see … stars in the sky tonight.

10. Do you have … friends abroad?

Exercise 4: Fill in the blanks with few, little:

1. Ann is very busy these days. She has … free time.

2. You take … photographs when you were on holidays.

3. I'm not very busy today. But I have got … spare time to do smth..

4. The museum was not very crowded. There were … people.

5. Most of the town is modern. There are … old buildings.

6. The weather has been very dry recently. We've had …rain.

Exercise 5: Fill in the blanks with much, many:

1. Have you got … books?

2. I don't have … time to do sport.

3. How … people came to the meeting?

4. Are there … students in the class?

5. I didn't see … of the film because I fell asleep.

6. How … coffee did you buy?

7. How … cups of coffee did you buy?

8. Not … students passed the exam.

9. They didn't give me… information.

Заняття№19

Особливості кухні мови, яка вивчається (Британія). Числівник