6. Fill in the blanks with words from the word-box. There are two extra vocabulary items:

perspective	to be flexible	to be aware of
personality	inedible	to get down to
observation	prediction	interaction

1. He has a very outgoing ______________and makes friends very easily.

2. After lunch we ___________ discussing the issue of pay.

3. She's been admitted to hospital for ________________.

4. You can call it brave or foolish, depending on your ______________.

5. A gymnast has _______________ above all else.

6. Has anyone in your family had heart problems?' 'Not that I_____________.'

7. The government maintained its ______________ that inflation will hold to 7% this year.

7. Supply the necessary derivative/compound related to the italicized word the complete each sentence.

various	Attitudes ________ between individuals, societies, and cultures.
appear	His thinning hair gave him the _________ of a much older man.
offence	There were complaints that the advertisement was __________ to women.
influence	He is one of the most ____________figures in the government.
allow	Meals are an _____________ expense.

8. Paraphrase the following sentences using your active vocabulary:

1. The problem can be solved in different ways.

2. The contract has to be adaptable enough to make changes.

3. She made several excellent statements in her essay on Charles Dickens.

4. He is a very outgoing person and makes friends very easily.

5. I'm not surprised she felt hurt at his remarks.

6. They were accurate in their outlook.

7. It seems that she's changed her mind.

8. Without his famous father's impact, he would never have got the job.

9. She only permits the children to watch television at weekends.

10. How important was it, in your opinion, that the two leaders had a good personal relationship?

9. Circle the word that does not fit into the group. Explain why.

1. comestible, pitcher-meat, inedible, esculent

2. foreground, background, forefront, front burner

3. liberality, charitableness, intolerance, forbearance

4. minor, vital, external, collateral

5. improve, spoil, deprave, vitiate

6. painstaking, profound, thorough, cursory

7. abstract, theoretical, tangible, conceptual

10. Make up a short situation using your active vocabulary

perspective, distinguish, behaviour, attitude, belief, essential, interaction, accept, glance, to get down to, perceive.

TEXT 2. STEREOTYPES ACROSS CULTURE

1. Work with a partner and discuss these questions.

1. How can culture be described?

2. Do people belonging to various nations differ from one another?

3. How do you understand the term stereotype?

2. Now read the text and check your answers.

A nation is a group of people who share common history and usually a language and usually, not always live at the same area. Culture can be described as our everyday life: how we communicate, what makes us happy and sad. It also includes our language, religion, traditions, behavior, way of life - in other words, what we do each day.

People that belong to various nations may differ and they always differ from one another. For example, the Germans are regarded as scientifically-minded and industrious, they're always considered solid, intelligent, mathematical, extremely nationalistic, arrogant and even aggressive. And, for instance, Jews are believed to be mercenary, industrious, shrewd, loyal to family, religious. There is a big amount of examples we can list about national character of different people.

Proving the difference of the national stereotypes let's compare Russian and English nations. There are a lot of features that vary. The Russians are industrious, tough, brave, progressive and suspicious. They are always considered to be nationalistic, over - patriotic (because of this reason they're good soldiers), they are willing to respect opinion of other people. Speaking about Englishmen, we may note that they're reserved, tradition-loving, courteous, honest, extremely nationalistic and etc. They have a specific sense of humor. They say that they can't understand Russian jokes and anecdotes not only because of the different meanings of the words, but because of their humor is more delicate.

Looking at these features of the Russians and the Englishmen it is not hard to mark out the differences. The Englishmen are reserved, but the Russians are open-hearted and communicative. The Englishmen are tradition - loving and the Russians, don't keep their traditions in such a degree.

There is a great majority of factors that influence the nations stereotype and its people's character. People that live in the southern countries have less problems than those who live in the North and because of this they're more cheerful and artistic. The history also has a great influence on the national character. The peoples in Asia are revengeful because their forefathers often were at war with others. In Africa many countries were colonies of the Great Britain, Holland, Spain and so on and they (Africans) were the slaves and because of this they're still hard-working and industrious. The National Character exists. It is not a myth, it's a reality. But the National Character doesn't describe the character of every person, it describes the character of people of nation in general. Every person has its own character, but according to the person's belonging to some nation many traits of character are similar and these features may be explained as the national character.

From http://www.study-English.info

3. Read the text again and complete the chart below:

The Germans are regarded as	scientifically-minded and industrious, solid, intelligent, extremely nationalistic, arrogant and even aggressive.
Jews are believed to be…
The Russians are…
The Englishmen are…
People living in the southern countries…
The peoples in Asia are…
The people from Africa are…
The National Character describes…

Essential Vocabulary

communicate	говорить, сообщать; общаться
industrious	прилежный, работящий, старательный, трудолюбивый, усердный
solid	прочный, крепкий; надёжный, солидный
arrogant	1) заносчивый, высокомерный, надменный 2) самонадеянный, преувеличивающий свои возможности
mercenary	корыстный
shrewd	сообразительный, быстро и легко схватывающий; проницательный, прозорливый; умный, рассудительный
loyal	верный, преданный; лояльный; верноподданный
stereotype	стереотип (стандартизированный образ)
compare	сравнивать, ставить наравне, уподоблять
feature	особенность, характерная черта; деталь, признак, свойство
vary	разниться, отличаться, различаться, расходиться
tough	трудный, несговорчивый, упрямый; не идущий на компромиссы; непокорный, несдержанный; грубый
suspicious	подозрительный, недоверчивый
note	1) замечать, обращать внимание; 2) упоминать, отмечать
reserved	скрытный, сдержанный, замкнутый, необщительный, неразговорчивый
courteous	вежливый, обходительный, учтивый, любезный
mark out	выделять, предназначать
majority	большинство
influence (on)	оказывать влияние, воздействовать, влиять
revengeful	мстительный, жаждущий мщения
slave	невольник, раб
exist	существовать
describe	описывать, рассказывать, изображать; характеризовать
character	характер, темперамент, нрав
delicate	1) изысканный, тонкий, утончённый; 2) вежливый, деликатный, учтивый
share	делить, распределять; разделять
include	заключать, включать в себя, содержать в себе
specific	особенный, особый, специфический; характерный; своеобразный; необычный; индивидуальный