8. Paraphrase the following sentences using your active vocabulary:

1. The process of defining alternative aims will highlight the choices and trade-offs that will need to be made.

2. The speaker amused the crowd with some jokes tacked on to his speech.

3. The speaker accompanied his angry words with forceful movements of the hands.

4. We resort to adventurous hypotheses for explanation of this fact.

5. He was fond of saying soft things which meant nothing.

6. Our age is abundant with promise.

7. I am sure you are quite pleased that you have managed to mix us up with your extraordinary affairs.

8. In her mind, the two ideas are tightly linked.

9. Will you be so obliging to show us the road to the nearest hotel?

10. He changed the construction of the last phrase, though the thought remained exactly the same.

9. Circle the word that does not fit into the group. Explain why.

1. clash, conflict, collide, dispute

2. giddy, light, light-headed, frivolous

3. fearsome, forbidding, horrent, menacing

4. voluptuous, sensual, carnal, sensuous

5. braid, wave, plait, knit

6. myriad, innumerable, countless, immeasurable

7. shrink, lessen, diminish, decrease

8. bright, blazing, vivid, graphic

10. Make up a short situation using your active vocabulary:

custom, cultural borders, an open-armed welcome, adopt, body language, gesture, montage, fist, hugging, clenched, sign.

Speaking

1. What are white lies? When can you tell a white lie? Think of a situation when a white lie can help you sound polite and avoid hurting other people's feelings.

What would you say in the following situations?

A friend of yours has bought a new dress. She thinks is beautiful and suits her perfectly, but you think it looks awful. She asks you whether you like the dress.

You are at a party. You have just eaten some vegetables and you find them disgusting. The hostess offers you some more.

Read the dialogues. Which of them are more polite?

1. a) Where's the post office?

b) Could you tell me the way to the post office, please?

2. a) Can you come to our party on Saturday?

No, I can't.

b) Can you come to our party on Saturday?

I'd love to, but I'm afraid I can't. I'm working this Saturday.

3. a) Can you open the window?

Ok.

b) Do you mind opening the window?

No, not at all.

4. a) Goodbye! Thanks for the meal.

Bye! See you!

b) Goodbye! It was a lovely evening! Thank you so much!

So glad you could make it. Have a safe journey home. See you soon.

5. a) Excuse me, is there a bank near here?

(you didn't here what the person said) Sorry?

b) Excuse me, is there a bank near here?

(you didn't hear what the person said) What?

Make these requests more polite. Use the expressions in the box.

Give me a lift. Lend me your pen. Help me find the keys.

What's the time? Where's the bank? When does the meeting start?

Could you…? Would you mind…? I wonder if you could…?

Do you think you could…? Do you know…? Do you happen to know…?

Refuse these requests and invitations politely. Use the expressions in the box.

1. Hi! How about coming for a meal tomorrow evening?

2. Can you help me with my Maths homework? We are doing algebra.

3. Can you tell me where the nearest bus stop is, please?

4. Susan, could you do me a favour? I have to go away next week. could you look after my cat?

That's very kind of you, but… I'm terribly sorry. I'm afraid I… I would if I could, but… I'd love to, but…