Command (page 51) – Command can use Mementos to keep track of state for undoable actions.

State (page 104) – Most States use Memento.

Example

Note:

For a full working example of this code example, with additional supporting classes and/or a RunPattern class, see “ Memento ” on page 403 of the “ Full Code Examples ” appendix.

Almost all parts of the Personal Information Manager keep some kind of state. These states can be saved by applying the Memento pattern, as this example with an address book will demonstrate. The AddressBook class represents a collection of addresses, a natural candidate for keeping a record of state.

Example 2.31 AddressBook.java

1.import java.util.ArrayList;

2.public class AddressBook{

3.private ArrayList contacts = new ArrayList();

5.public Object getMemento(){

6.return new AddressBookMemento(contacts);

7.}

8.public void setMemento(Object object){

9.if (object instanceof AddressBookMemento){

10. AddressBookMemento memento = (AddressBookMemento)object;

11. contacts = memento.state;

12.}

13.}

15.private class AddressBookMemento{

16.private ArrayList state;

17.

18.private AddressBookMemento(ArrayList contacts){

19. this.state = contacts;

20.}

21.}

23.public AddressBook(){ }

24.public AddressBook(ArrayList newContacts){

25.contacts = newContacts;

26.}

27.

28.public void addContact(Contact contact){

29.if (!contacts.contains(contact)){

30. contacts.add(contact);

31.}

32.}

33.public void removeContact(Contact contact){

34.contacts.remove(contact);

35.}

36.public void removeAllContacts(){

37.contacts = new ArrayList();

38.}

39.public ArrayList getContacts(){

40.return contacts;

41.}

42.public String toString(){

43.return contacts.toString();

44.}

45.}

The inner class of AddressBook, AddressBookMemento, is used to save the state of an AddressBook, which in this case is represented by the internal ArrayList of Address objects. The memento object can be accessed by

using the AddressBook methods getMemento and setMemento. Note that AddressBookMemento is a private inner

class and that it has only a private constructor. This ensures that, even if the memento object is saved somewhere outside of an AddressBook object, no other object will be able to use the object or modify its state. This is consistent with the role of the Memento pattern: producing an object to maintain a snapshot of state that cannot be modified by other objects in a system.

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