3. Функции глагола «have»

3.1. Основной глагол со значением «иметь»

This mobile phone has a battery life of eight hours – у этого мобильного телефона время работы аккумулятора 8 часов.

Обратите внимание! В устойчивых словосочетаниях с существительным, имеющих значение глагола, «have» не имеет своего собственного лексического значения: to have a talk – поговорить (сравни: to talk – говорить); to have lunch – обедать, to have a chat – болтать.

Упражнение 12. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения c глаголом «have».

1. This mobile device has an email application on it and it is internet enabled so you can browse the internet. It also has GPS so you’ll be able to find your clients easily. 2. As many GSM network operators have roaming agreements with foreign operators, users can often continue to use their mobile phones when they travel to other countries. 3. TDMA technology has three times the capacity of an analog system using the same number of channels. 4. Mobile workers need laptops that have long battery lives.

3.2. Вспомогательный глагол

Служит для образования времен группы PERFECT = have + Ved (III ф). Как правило, сказуемое обозначает законченное, совершившееся действие и на русский язык переводится глаголом совершенного вида (что сделал?).

Wireless technologies, broadband internet and satellite systems have transformed the telecommunications industry – беспроводные технологии, широкополосный Интернет и спутниковые системы изменили индустрию телекоммуникаций.

Сказуемое также может обозначать действие, которое началось в прошлом и длилось до настоящего момента, часто с for – в течение, since – с, с тех пор как.

Traditionally, telecommunications have taken place over dedicated and distinct networks – традиционно дистанционная передача данных проходила по выделенным особым сетям; the device has been working for two hours – устройство работало в течение двух часов (и только что перестало работать); in 1920, largely due to Bohr`s efforts, the Institute of Theoretical Physics was established at Copenhagen. He became its first head and under him the Institute has become an important centre for the development of theoretical and experimental physics – в 1920 году, в значительной мере благодаря усилиям Бора, в Копенгагене был создан институт теоретической физики. Бор стал его первым главой, и под его руководством институт стал/становится (и продолжает оставаться до настоящего времени) важным центром развития теоретической и экспериментальной физики.

Упражнение 13. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения.

1. The price of telecoms services has fallen, on average, by around 30% in the past decade. Moreover, the competition has raised standards of service, making former monopolies much more respondent (реагирующий) to the needs of consumers. 2. Traditionally, fixed, copper landlines have been used for carrying voice calls, and recently for internet access. Mobile phones have provided wireless connectivity for voice calls and text messages. Televisions have received broadcast content principally via cable, satellite and radio frequency transmission.

3.3. Конструкция «have + to V»

Является эквивалентом модального глагола, обозначает долженствование. На русский язык переводится «нужно, необходимо, должен, вынужден».

Big software developing corporations have to compete with experts producing open source software – большие корпорации, разрабатывающие ПО, вынуждены конкурировать со специалистами, производящими ПО с открытым кодом.

Упражнение 14. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения.

1. A lot of TV broadcasters are having a hard time. They have to survive on advertising revenue and at the moment that’s falling. 2. I often have to create documents and presentations when I’m away from the office. 3. Early European analogue cellular networks employed an uncoordinated mix of technologies and protocols so equipment manufacturers had to contend with varying standards. 4. Thin and light laptops and ultra-portable designs are the best options when you have to travel with your laptop. 5. In fact you will have to educate yourself as well as you public. 6. We have lorries from the distribution center turning up at the store warehouse unannounced and we have no idea what goods they are delivering, so we have to unpack it all to find out what it is. And because we are not sure what we have in stock we can’t check if anything has been lost or stolen. 7. Two important new technology success examples over the last decade have been the Internet and the mobile phone. Development and spread of these technologies have been rapid, and this development has resulted in substantial changes in consumer behavior. Lately, interest has grown in applying mobile technology not only in consumer markets but also in business markets.

4. ФУНКЦИИ ГЛАГОЛА «DO»

4.1. Основной глагол

Основной глагол со значением «делать, производить, выполнять». Обратите внимание на устойчивые выражения: to do business, to do a research, to do damage, etc.

Some of the employees do most of their work behind a desk – некоторые из сотрудников выполняют большую часть работы за столом.

4.2. Вспомогательный глагол

Вспомогательный глагол служит для образования вопросительных и отрицательных предложений в PRESENT и PAST SIMPLE. На русский язык переводится основной, смысловой глагол.

How do SMS messages actually get to your phone? – Как на самом деле СМС сообщения попадают в ваш телефон?

4.3. Замещение ранее упомянутого глагола

На русский язык переводится как заменяемый глагол или не переводится.

SMS doesn't require you to go on line like e-mail and instant messaging (IM) do – СМС не требует от вас выхода в Интернет как (этого требуют) электронная почта и мгновенные сообщения.

4.4. Усиление значения другого глагола

На русский язык переводится словами «действительно, на самом деле, все же».

The possibilities for integrating SMS into your lifestyle do seem endless – возможности интеграции СМС в ваш образ жизни действительно кажутся бесконечными.

Упражнение 15. Прочтите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции глагола do.

1. A wireless network uses radio waves, just like cell phones, televisions and radios do. 2. Wireless networks do have a lot of advantages, they are easy to set up and inexpensive. 3. Now employees do not simply require access to business email, calendar functions, and contacts while they are on the move. 4. Does Internet banking allow users to access their accounts and check their balances? 5. What sorts of tasks do you need to do when you’re away from the office? 6. We sell the latest smart phones and laptops and have problems because the tills don’t work. 7. This company made profit from voice calls as most other telecoms companies did. 8. This anti-virus program does scan your PC for spyware that threatens your security. 9. Our sales assistants can use Waiter Pads in the store just as waiters do in restaurants. 10. How often do you download and use a new application? 11. Spotty (нестабильный) electricity doesn’t affect low-power phones as much as it does computers. 12. This type of smartphone did have advantages.13. Do be careful with that device!

Упражнение 16. Прочтите и переведите следующие микротексты.

a) SMS does have several advantages. It is a store-and-forward (с буферизацией пакетов) service. When you send a text message to a friend, the message does not go directly to your friend's cell phone. The advantage of this method is that your friend's cell phone doesn't have to be active or in range for you to send a message. The message is stored (for days if necessary) until your friend turns his cell phone on or moves into range. SMS doesn't overload the network as much as phone calls do.

b) Are there ways to do business more efficiently? There can be an app for that. As the smartphone revolution does expand, there is a growing demand for software programs that allow employees to work faster and from any-where. Now with iPhones and with Android devices employees don’t want to carry two devices. They want to be able to use one for business as well as personal functions. When you think about business becoming mobile, you need to think about what you do at your desk and what you can do online.