3. Союзные и бессоюзные придаточные определительные предложения

Упражнение 54. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на союзные придаточные определительные предложения.

1. These surveys produced a lot of data which needed to be sent back. 2. The computer can display the data on a monitor screen, of which there are several types. 3. Field size determines the maximum number of characters or numbers that can be stored in a field. 4. Modern business needs people who can solve problems. 5. Another application that has steadily grown with microcomputer use is electronic mail.

Бессоюзные придаточные определительные предложения

В английском языке, в отличие от русского, союз перед придаточным определительным предложением может отсутствовать. В таком случае по наличию двух сказуемых и двух подлежащих определяем, что данное предложение является сложным предложением. Граница (и, следовательно, место пропущенного союза) между главным и определительным придаточным будет находиться между двумя существительными или существительным и личным местоимением.

Equally important are the effects | the microcomputer has had on homes and schools – в равной мере важны те воздействия, которые компьютер оказывал и оказывает на нашу жизнь дома и в школе.

Упражнение 55. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения.

1. There are now lots of applications you could download. 2. I`m sorry to hear about the business issues you are experiencing. 3. The capacity of a computer memory is the volume of data the memory unit can hold. 4. All computers use the same basic techniques for carrying out the tasks we give them. 5. Entering text is done through the keyboard; the text you type shows up at the cursor. 6. Many computer operating systems allow the user to install or create any user interface they desire. 7. Application software is what makes a computer a tool for performing the tasks we often need to complete at school, at home, or at office. 8. They could install the bespoke software we have developed. 9. The few calls he made and emails he sent were digitally recorded and archived for three years. 10. The Pentium processor is currently the most powerful processor Intel offers for the personal computer.

Выполните задания, а затем прочтите и переведите следующие предложения

Упражнение 56. Выберите правильный вариант перевода определения, выраженного причастием.

1. The results described do not prescribe a specific method of synthesizing data compression system:

a) описывающие, b) описанные, c) которые будут описаны.

2. Satellites using very short microwaves could make high – capacity communication between cities cheaper:

a) использующие, b) используемые, c) которые должны использоваться.

3. The machine can also shift the sounds being played:

a) воспроизводящие, b) воспроизведенные, c) которые воспроизводятся.

Упражнение 57. Укажите, какое из слов с окончанием -ed является определением.

1. The article published suggested a different reaction:

a) published, b) suggested.

2. The data obtained outweighed those that we had had before:

a) obtained, b) outweighed.

3. The recent talks resulted in the agreement just signed:

a) resulted, b) signed.

Упражнение 58. Выберите правильный вариант перевода определения, выраженного пассивной формой инфинитива.

1. We should decrease the rate of information to be send through the channel:

a) которая передается, b) которая будет передана, c) которую передали.

2. The problem to be solved at this stage is an entirely geometric one:

a) которую решили, b) которую нужно решить, c) которая решается.

Упражнение 59. Прочтите и переведите текст, обращая внимание на перевод различного рода определений.

Major steps in the growth of computer technology

The first transistor developed was the junction transistor. Nearly all transistors today are classed as junction transistors (плоскостной транзистор).

Throughout the years there were developed new types of junction transistors that performed better and were easier to construct. When first introduced, the junction transistor was not called that; it was the «cat`s whisker» (контактный волосок) used in the first radio receivers in the 1920_s. Shockley and his crew resurrected (возродить) it, a mere imposing name sounded much more scientific. The junction transistor of 1948 was further modernized in 1951, with the development of the «grown» (выращенный) transistor. The technology for manufacturing transistors steadily improved until, in 1959, the first integrated circuit was produced – the first circuit – on – a – chip.

The integrated circuit constituted another major step in the growth of computer technology. Until 1959, the fundamental logical components of digital computers were the individual electrical switches, first in the form of relays, then transistors.

In the vacuum tubes and relay stages, additional discrete components such as resistors, inductors and capacitors were required in order to make the whole system work. These components were about the same size as packaged transistors (транзистор в корпусе). Integrated circuit technology permitted the elimination of some of these components and «integration» of most of the others on the same chip of semiconductor that contains the transistor. Thus the basic logic element – the switch, or «flip-flop», which required two separate transistors and some resistors and capacitors in the early 1950_s, could be packaged into a single small unit in 1960. That unit was half the size of a pea.

The chip was a crucial (важный) development in the accelerating pace of computer technology. With integrated circuit technology it became possible to jam (размещать) more and more elements into a single chip. Entire assemblies of parts could be manufactured in the same time that it previously took to make a single part. Clearly, the cost of providing a particular computing function decreased proportionally. As the number of components on a integrated circuit grew from a few to hundreds, then thousands, the term for the chip changed to microcircuit.