If you learn how to create value for other people – doing what you love – you’ll never have to get a job.

Notes and Commentary

IRA - (in the US) Individual Retirement Account - индивидуальный пенсионный счёт

401K - пакет страховок сотрудника, в который входит пенсия, медицинская страховка и т.д.

blue-collar worker - "синий воротничок", производственный рабочий.

Vocabulary

to figure out – воплощать, осуществлять

to comment – подмечать, замечать

initial – исходный

an adage – афоризм, изречение.

3. Find the Russian equivalents of the following:

Income earners; entrepreneurship; maintaining networks; to build assets; to trade one’s time; the initial creation; an adage; the infinite ways; a rental income.

4. Look through the above text again. Suggest the English for the phrases below.

Делать деньги из могилы; построить состояние; распространение чего-то под маркой более известной и крупной компании; владеть сетью ресторанов; расширять и поддерживать веб-сайт; собирать тыкву; приследовать другую цель.

5. Which of following statements are true and which are false according to the text? Rewrite false statements to make them true.

The author advised us to get a good education.
When you create intellectual property you shouldn’t work at all.
The writer says that if your business doesn’t run without you – it is a job
He teaches his children that they must get a good education for getting a good job.

6. Explain the following phrases as you understand them:

1. Doing what you love and you’ll never have to get a job.

2. If your business doesn’t run without you – it is a job.

3. Intellectual property is the best of the best ways to make money.

4. Getting a good job isn’t the best way to earn money.

7. Answer the questions:

1. Do you agree with the author or disagree? Explain why.

2. What of the giving points is\are the most suitable for you?

3. Did you change your point of view on the job after reading?

8. In written form give your own ideas about your best way to earn money.

9. Pretend you have read this article in the newspaper and decided to discuss some points with your friend. Make a dialog.

Text 3

1. Before reading:

1. Have you ever tried to get a job? What did you start with?

2. What advice could you give to a person who is searching for a job?

2. Read the text. Translate it orally.

Fit For Hiring? It's Mind Over Matter

By Judith H. Dobrzynski

NEW YORK - Members of America's professional and managerial classes have always left college confident of at least one thing: they had taken their last test. From here on, they could rely on charm, cunning and/or a record of accomplishment to propel them up the corporate ladder.

But that's not necessarily true any longer. A growing number of companies, from General Motors Corp to American Express Co., are no longer satisfied with traditional job interviews. Instead, they are requiring applicants for many white-collar jobs - from top executives down - to submit to a series of paper-and-pencil tests, role-playing exercises, simulated decision-making exercises and brainteasers. Others put candidates through a long series of interviews by psychologists or trained interviewers.

The tests are not about mathematics or grammar, nor about any of the basic technical skills for which many production, sales and clerical workers have long been tested. Rather, employers want to evaluate candidates on intangible qualities: Is she creative and entrepreneurial? Can he lead and coach? Is he flexible and capable of learning? Does she have passion and a sense of urgency? How will he function under pressure? Most important, will the potential recruit fit the corporate culture?

These tests, which can take from an hour to two days, are all part of a broader trend. 'Companies are getting much more careful about hiring,' said Paul R. Ray Jr., chairman of the Association of Executive Search Consultants.

Ten years ago, candidates could win a top job with the right look and the right answers to questions such as 'Why do you want this job?'. Now, many are having to face questions and exercises intended to learn how they get things done.

They may, for example, have to describe in great detail not one career accomplishment but many - so that patterns of behavior emerge. They may face questions such as 'Who is the best manager you ever worked for and why?' or 'What is your best friend like?'. The answers, psychologists say, reveal much about a candidate's management style and about himself or herself.

The reason for the interrogations is clear: many hires work out badly. About 35 percent of recently hired senior executives are judged failures, according to the Center for Creative Leadership in Greensboro, Norm Carolina, which surveyed nearly 500 chief executives.

The cost of bringing the wrong person on board is sometimes huge. Searching and training can cost from $5000 for a lower-level manager to $250,000 for a top executive. Years of corporate downsizing, a trend that has slashed layers of management, has also increased the potential damage that one bad executive can do. With the pace of change accelerating in markets and technology companies want to know how an executive will perform not just how he or she has performed.

'Years ago, employers looked for experience — has a candidate done this before?' said Harold P. Weinstein, executive vice-president of Caliper, a personnel testing and consulting firm in Princeton, New Jersey. 'But having experience in a job does not guarantee that you can do it in a different environment.'

At this point, most companies have not shifted to this practice. Some do not see the need or remain unconvinced that such testing is worth the cost. But human-resource specialists say anecdotal evidence suggests that white-collar testing is growing in popularity. What has brought so many employers around to testing is a sense o: the limitations in the usual job interview. With so little information on which to base a decision, 'most people hire people they like, rather than the most competent person,' said Orv Owens, a psychologist in Snohomish, Washington who sizes up executive candidates. Research' has shown, he said, that 'most decision makers make their hiring decisions in the first five minutes of an interview and spend the res' of the time rationalizing their choice.'

Besides, with advice on how to land a better job about 75 as common as a ten-dollar bill, many people are learning to play the interview game.

Even companies that have not started extensive testing have toughened their hiring practices. Many now do background checks, for example, looking for signs of drug 80 use, violence or sexual harassment. But the more comprehensive testing aims to measure skills in communications, analysis and organization, attention to detail and management style; personality traits and motivations that behavioral scientists say predict performance.

Notes and Commentary

cunning – the ability to deceive people

a brainteaser – a problem which is fun to solve

intangible – s. th. that cannot be felt or described

a hare (US); a recruit (GB) – someone who starts to work for a company

to slash – to cut

anecdotal – based on personal experience

to bring around – to persuade s.b. to agree with s. th.

a trait – a quality in someone’s character

3. Find the Russian equivalents of the following:

To rely on charm, cunning and/or a record of accomplishment; to face questions; corporate downsizing; to size up executive candidates; to require applicants for white-collar job; paper-and-pencil test; function under pressure; a behavior emerge; a judged failure; to slash layer of management; to remain unconvinced;

4. look through the above text again. Suggest the English for the phrases below:

Подниматься по карьерной лестнице; основные технические навыки; насилие или половая агрессия; личные качества; оценить неуловимые черты характера человека; наиболее полная проверка целей кандидата; творческий и предприимчивый; ускоряющиеся изменения на рынке;

5. Which of the following statements are true which are false? Rewrite false statements to make them true:

1. Traditionally, candidates for executive positions have been evaluated on their technical skills
2. The principal aim of testing is to find out how candidates have performed in the past.
3. Today, choosing the wrong person for a position can have more serious consequences then ten years ago.
4. Most interviewers select candidates for their professional abilities.
5. Candidates are now better prepared for interviews than they were in the past.

6. Use the information in the text to answer the questions (in written form)

1. What kind of testing can the candidates face on the interview? Why are they growing in popularity?

2. What can people do to be prepared to the interview?

3. What are the aim of testing and interview? What is more effective?

4. What qualities should have a person to fit for the job? What based skills could you name?

7. Explain the sentence how do you understand it

The advice on how to land a better job about as common as a ten-dollar bill.

8. Present the general idea of the text in 5-6 sentences.

9. Read and translate

PERSONAL APPLICATIONS

Your best chance of obtaining certain jobs is to apply in person, when success is simply a matter of being in the right place at the right time.

When looking for a job, it is not always necessary what you know, but who you know. Many companies do not advertise but rely on attracting workers by word of mouth and their own vacancy boards.

Shops often put vacancy notices in their windows and may also display job advertisements from employers on a notice board, although these are generally for temporary or part-time jobs.

It is advisable to leave your name and address with a prospective employer and, if possible, a telephone number where you can be contacted.

Advertise the fact that you are looking for a job, not only with friends, rela­tives, and acquaintances, but also with anyone you come into contact with, and they may be able to help.

You can give lady luck a helping hand with your persistence and enterprise if you do the following:

- ­­­­cold call on prospective employers;

- check «Wanted» boards;

- look in local newspapers;

- check notice and bulletin boards in large companies, shopping centres, clubs, sports

- ask other workers.

When leaving a job, it is advisable to ask for a written reference (which is not usually provided automatically), particularly if you intend to look for further work or you think your work experience will help you obtain work in another com­pany.

Notes and Commentary

to cold call — to sell goods or services by making unsolicited calls on pro­spective customers by telephone or in person.

Vocabulary

To obtain a jobs- получить работу

Persistence – упорство, настойчивость

Enterprise – инициатива

10. Refer to the text again. Explain what the author meant when he wrote the following.

1. Success is simply a matter of being in the right place at the right time.

2. When looking for a job, it is not always necessary what you know, but who you know.

3. Many companies do not advertise but rely on attracting workers by word of mouth.

4. You can give lady luck a helping hand with your persistence and enterprise.

JOB HUNTING

When you are looking for a job, it is advisable not to put all your eggs in one basket: the more applications you make, the better your chances of finding the right job.

Contact as many prospective employers as possible, either by writing, telephoning, or calling them in person, depending on the type of vacancy. Whatever job you are looking for, it is important to market yourself correctly and appropriately, which depends on the type of job you are after.

When you are writing for a job, address your letter to the personnel director or manager and include your curriculum vitae (CV), and copies of all references and qualifications.

So, your method of job hunting will depend on your particular circumstances, qualifications, and experience and the sort of job you are looking for.

We advise you to do the following:

— Visit a local job centre. This is mainly for non-professional skilled and un-skilled jobs, particularly in industry, retailing, and catering.

— Check the Internet job service and other bulletin boards. The Internet has hundreds of sites for job seekers.

— Obtain copies of daily newspapers, most of which have «Positions Vacant» sections.

— Put an advertisement in the «Situations Wanted» section of a newspaper.

— Network, which means to get together with like-minded people to discuss business, and it is a popular way of making business and professional contacts. It can be particularly successful for executives, managers, and professionals when job hunting.

— Ask relatives, friends, or acquaintances if they know of an employer looking for someone with your experience and qualifications.

— Apply in person to different companies.

Notes and Commentary

to put all one's eggs in one basket — risk everything on a single venture

like-minded (a) — having the same tastes, opinions, etc.

PREPARING FOR AN INTERVIEW

Candidates have only one opportunity to create a favourable impression and present the appropriate image. Attention should be given to the following:

Time — make sure that you allow enough time to arrive at the building and prepare for the interview. Allow some extra time for unexpected problems or delays.

Directions — be sure that you know precisely where to go and how to get there. It is advisable to have a practice run if time and distance permit.

Homework — see that you have done any possible «homework». It is useful to do any reading or research about the organization you would like to work for, and it might supply useful background information.

Appearance and dress — give careful consideration to general appearance: first impressions tend to be lasting! Aim to look businesslike and avoid extremes of dress.

Avoid clutter — do not burden yourself with extra bags, cases, coats, and umbrellas. If you have taken such things with you, leave them in the waiting area when you go in for the interview.

Try to relax — it is natural to feel nervous, but try to relax and gain compo­sure before going into the interview. Deep, slow breathing can be helpful. Try not to get too involved in conversation with other candidates. Keep any conversation general in nature. Never discuss the job! You may gain wrong impressions and may unwittingly reveal your own strengths and weaknesses to your fellow-candi­dates which could be to their advantage and your own detriment.

Prepare any questions you may wish to ask — where you have a definite question to ask do not let the opportunity slip by. Have your questions ready and do not be afraid to ask them when the occasion arises.

11. According to the texts translate into English:

В ПОИСКАХ РАБОТЫ

У многих студентов и тех, кто только закончил учиться, возникают проблемы с трудоустройством. Нелегко найти работу по профилю, хотя в период обучения очень важно приобрести опыт, узнать профессию «изнут­ри», а не только по учебникам и лекциям.

С чего следует начинать поиск работы? Конечно же, с резюме. Можно воспользоваться шаблоном или составить его самому. Резюме должно со­держать информацию, которая представляет и характеризует соискателя работодателю. Это: ФИО; дата рождения; гражданство; семейное положе­ние; образование; опыт работы; владение иностранными языками; умение работать на компьютере; и. т. п. Не рекомендуется писать неправду в резюме, так как в последнее время многие работодатели проверяют информа­цию, изложенную в этом документе. Здесь можно также указать имена тех, кто готов дать вам рекомендацию.

Составив резюме, следует приступить к поискам работы. Нужно искать там, где ищут все — в изданиях вакансий и в Интернете. Если вы не нашли там ничего подходящего или если вам отказали, есть выход. Нужно самому найти и заинтересовать работодателя. Звоните в те учреждения, где вам хо­телось бы работать, предлагайте им свою кандидатуру, отправьте им ваше резюме. Оно, в случае ненадобности сотрудников в данный момент, может храниться в картотеке отдела кадров.

Если ваши документы прошли предварительный отбор и вас пригласи­ли на собеседование, будьте весьма осторожны в выборе одежды. Даже если вы очень молоды, одежда не должна быть яркой и вызывающей. Не следует забывать, что интервью — это официальное мероприятие.

Будучи принятыми на работу, соблюдайте деловой этикет. Существуют нормы поведения, которыми не следует пренебрегать.

12. Write your Curriculum Vitae using the example

Personal Details

Fiona Scott

52 Hanover Street

Edinburgh EH2 5LM

Scotland

Phone:OI3l 449 0237

E-mail: fiona.scott@caledonia.net

Education

I99I-I992	London Chamber of Commerce and Industry Diploma in Public Relations
1988-1991	University of London BA (Honours) in Journalism and Media Studies (Class II)
1981-1988	Broadfield School, Brighton A levels in German (A), English (B), History (B) and Geography C)

Professional Experience

1995-present	Public Relations Officer, Scottish Nature Trust Responsible for researching and writing articles on all aspects of the Trust's activities and ensuring their distribution to the press Editor of the Trust's monthly journal In charge of relations with European environmental agencies
1992-1995	Press Officer, Highlands Tourist Board Preparation of promotional materials and brochures Co-ordination of media coverage
Summers of 1990 and 1991	The Glasgow Tribune newspaper Two three-month training periods as assistant to the Sports Editor Arranging and conducting interviews Preparation of articles covering local community sports events

Skills

IT Office 2000 and Windows NT, Excel, Internet, Powerpoint

Languages Fluent German and proficient in French

Additional Driving licence (car and motorcycle)

Activities

Cross-country skiing, rock climbing and swimming Ski Instructor (grade II)

Secretary of the local branch of 'Action', an association organising sports activities for disabled children

References

Geoffrey Williams - Professor of Journalism University of London

Brenda Denholm - Sports Editor The Glasgow Tribune

Text 4