Allergies

Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary:

Pollen - пилок

Ragweed - амброзiя

Mite - клiщ

Weed - бур’ян

To be exposed – пiддаватися впливу

Mold - плiснява

Release potent chemicals – вивiльняти cильнодiючi хiмiчнi речовини

Anaphylaxis - анафiлактичний шок

Shortness of breathing – задишка

Hives – кропивниця

Wheeze – хрипiти, важко дихати

Exercise 2. Translate the following words into your native language:

Abnormal, harmless, antibody, abdominal, environmental, difficulty, shortness of breath, non-allergic people, air pollution, to be exposed to allergens, to produce antibodies, anxiety, release potent chemicals, nausea and vomiting, sneezing, abdominal cramps, swelling of tissues, an emergency care, to eliminate.

Exercise 3. Read and translate the text:

Allergies.

An allergy is an abnormal reaction or increased sensitivity to allergens. The allergic individual produces symptoms when these substances, harmless to non-allergic people, affect him. Numerous allergens may cause symptoms of allergic rhinitis: pollens, grasses and ragweed, dust and household mites, even air pollution.

When your immune system is exposed to allergens, it produces antibodies that attach themselves to certain cells in your body. An allergic reaction occurs when these cells release potent chemicals such as histamine. The example is the allergic symptoms of hay fever.

Anaphylaxis is an acute allergic reaction. It affects the whole body and requires immediate medical attention. Its symptoms are: anxiety, itching of the skin, headache, nausea and vomiting, sneezing and coughing, abdominal cramps, hives and swelling of tissues (lips and joints), diarrhea, shortness of breath and wheezing, low blood pressure, convulsions, loss of consciousness.

A quick epinephrine injection can save person’s life in case of anaphylactic reaction.

The substances or environmental factors causing allergy must be identified and eliminated. Irritation, inflammation, and congestion in the body must be reduced with antihistamines. When the allergen cannot be avoided, the allergic individual may undergo "desensitization" or immunotherapy. It’s a process when he or she is given injections of the allergen in increasing doses. This method will acclimatize his or her body to the offending substance. Tongue swelling, difficulty swallowing, difficulty speaking, or shortness of breath may be the signs of severe allergic reaction. This condition requires emergency care from a physician.

Exercise 4. Answer the following questions:

1.What is allergy?

2.What allergens may cause symptoms of allergic rhinitis?

3. What does your immune system produce when it is exposed to allergen?

4.What is anaphylaxis?

5.Which symptoms of anaphylaxis do you know?

6.What can be a life-saver in the case of anaphylactic reaction?

7. What is "desensitization"?

8.What are the signs of severe allergic reaction?

Exercise 5. Match the words with the explanations.

1. Antihistaminic	a) surrounding factors and events
2. inflammation	b) small invisible house-hold insect
3. immunotherapy	c)having anti-allergic properties
4. mite	d) difficulty in the process of respiration
5.shortness of breath	e)a process caused by infection or allergens accompanied by reddening and high temperature
6.environmental factors	f) a process when he or she is given injections of the allergen in increasing doses

Exercise 6. Find English equivalents for the following words and word combinations in the text:

Аномальна реакцiя, пiдвищена чутливiсть, уражати, негайна медична увага, втрата свiдомостi, конвульсiї, антитiла, гiстамiн, нудота, блювання, зуд, низький кров’яний тиск, подразнення, анафiлактична реакцiя, врятувати життя, шкiдлива речовина, ознаки алергiчної реакцiї.

Exercise 7. Make up questions to the underlined words:

1. Numerous allergens may cause symptoms of allergic rhinitis.

2. A quick epinephrine injection can be a life-saver in the case of anaphylactic reaction.

3. The substances or environmental factors responsible for the allergy must be identified.

4. Many people who are severely allergic to something may have this reaction.

5. When your immune system is exposed to allergens, it produces antibodies that attach themselves to certain cells in your body.

6. Irritation, inflammation, and congestion in the body must be reduced with antihistamines.

7. The allergic individual produces symptoms when exposed to these substances which are harmless to non-allergic people.

Exercise 7. Explain the terms in English: allergy, anaphylaxis, desensitization.

Нудота та блювання

Втрата свідомості

Свербіння шкіри

Викликати чхання та кашель

Знижувати подразнення та запалення

• What is allergy?

• What allergens my cause symptoms of allergic rhinitis?

• What symptoms of anaphylaxis do you know??