- •2.1. Lead-in
- •2.2. Language input
- •2.2.1. Consult a dictionary and practice the pronunciation of the following words and word combinations, quote the sentences in which they are used in the text or submit the examples of your own.
- •2.3. Background information The Political and Economic Profile of The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- •2.4. Comprehension
- •2.4.1. Give extensive answers to the questions. Use the following expressions to present your answers:
- •2.4.2. Scan the text and quest for definitions in the Internet to determine whether these statements are true (t) or false (f), and if they are false say why.
- •2.4.3. Develop the following ideas. Make use of the active vocabulary and helpful phrases given in brackets:
- •2.4.4. Comment on the following topics thinking like sociologists:
- •2.4.5. Match the sentences in the left-hand column with proper ending from the right-hand column. Use background information from ex.2.3.
- •2.4.6. Scan the text again and find the English equivalents for the following:
- •2.5. Practice
- •2.5.1. Here is the list of some abbreviations, which relate to the uk’s political and economic profile. Try to guess what they mean. Consult a dictionary if needed.
- •2.5.2. Read the extract and fill in prepositions or conjunctions wherever necessary. Translate the text. Give the text the appropriate heading.
- •2.5.3. Supply the missing words and finish the following sentences considering information from the text above. See 2.5.2
- •2.5.4. Read the following sentences and guess which of the political or economic terms and concepts given in the box they define:
- •2.5.5. A) Read the text and fill in the gaps with the suitable items (a-g) given below.
- •2.5.6 According to the meaning given in brackets find the only word to fill in the gap in the sentence.
- •2.7.2. Search the Internet for the key terms and great historical events:
- •2.8. Case study & role play
- •The uk economy - a fragile state?
- •2.9 Grammar back up: The Infinitive
- •1. Is the verb followed by a full or bare Infinitive?
- •Insert to before the infinitive where required. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •2. Which verbs are followed by Complex Object?
- •3. Is the infinitive or the ing-form used after the verbs of perception?
- •With the verb “ turn out “.
- •B. Paraphrase the following using a Complex Subject with the verbs in brackets.
3. Is the infinitive or the ing-form used after the verbs of perception?
a. The bare infinitive generally refers to the complete action:
I watched the secretary type a letter on a paper with a printed letterhead.
(i.e. from start to finish)
b. The -ing form generally refers to an action in progress:
I watched the secretary typing a letter on a paper with a printed letterhead. (i.e. I saw part of the action)
c. We may use hear, observe, perceive, see in the passive + -ing or a to-infinitive:
She was seen executing the order.
She was seen to execute the order.
d. We may also use Past Participle as a part of Complex object:
The freight forwarders watched the crates loaded.
Exercise 3
Join these pairs of sentences, deciding if to use a bare infinitive or -ing.
Model 1: Mr. Roberts was examining the document. Mr. Thorn saw him.
– Mr. Thorn saw him examining the document.
1. She was informing the press. I heard her.
I heard _________________________________________________ .
2. The clerks were instructing the manager. They were seen.
The clerks were seen ________________________________ .
3. He was reading the above mentioned document. Mr. Ray saw it.
Mr. Ray saw ____________________________________________.
4. The authorities were looking through the proposals very thoughtfully.
The secretary noticed that.
The secretary noticed _________________________________________.
5. The officials were examining budget carefully. The visitors of the Senate watched it.
The visitors of the Senate watched _______________________ .
Model 2: Mr. Roberts examined the document. Mr. Thorn saw him.
– Mr. Thorn saw him examine the document.
1. The typist said the amendments were attached. She was heard.
The typist was heard _______________________________________.
2 They discussed the ways of ruling the country. I listened to them.
I listened ______________________________________________ .
3. One of the clerks told a lie. Everybody heard it.
Everybody heard __________________________________________.
4. She made a lot of spelling mistakes typing a resolution. The boss noticed it.
The boss noticed ________________________________________.
5. The authority body examined the documents. We saw it.
We saw ________________________________________________.
Model 3: The document was examined. Mr. Thorn watched it.
– Mr. Thorn watched the document examined.
11. The documents were handled. They saw it.
They saw the documents__________________ .
2. The secretary packed the files. I saw it.
I saw the files______________ .
3. The Charter of Incorporation was signed. He watched it.
He watched the Charter_____________ .
Model 4: Mr. Grant wanted John to comment on the alterations made.
- Mr. Grant asked John to comment on it.
- Mr. Grant asked for the commentary.
- Mr. Grant asked for the commentary to be made.
The shareholders wanted top management to draw up a policy of the company urgently.
The electoral colleges required the President and Vice President to be elected.
I’d like the Cabinet to provide materials as soon as possible.
We ordered the Parliament secretary to set the letter of inquiry.
4. What is Complex Subject and when do we use it?
The subject of the sentence is sometimes expressed by a noun (or pronoun) and an Infinitive which follows the predicate. Although the noun (or pronoun) and the Infinitive do not stand together, they are closely connected and form a Complex Subject, which is used:
with verbs expressing permission, request, intention, order, compulsion1 such as allow, permit, suffer, order, command, compel, force, make, request, mean, intend, etc.
The files were requested to be ready by 7 o’clock.
They were ordered to cancel the meeting.
with verbs expressing perception of the senses, such as hear, see, feel, etc.
They were seen to take out a policy at the Lloyds.
with verbs of mental perception, such as expect, know, believe, deny, etc.
He was believed to have a permit.
with verbs of saying and reporting , such as say, report, state, pronounce etc.
This company is said to be set up as a trading subsidiary.
with such verbs as seem, appear, happen, prove, chance, etc., and with expressions to be sure (certain, uncertain, likely, unlikely. Here the predicate is in the Active Voice:
He appears to be very enterprising.
Exercise 4
A. Complete the following sentences using a Complex Subject.