Exercise 2. Finish the statement according to the text read.

1. Transportation activities are important for the development of urban areas to international trade and have resulted in growing levels of motorization and congestion. So…

1. they support increasing mobility demands for passengers and freight.

2. the issue of transportation and the environment is paradoxical.

3. the transportation sector is global.

4. the environmental impact of transportation is negative.

2. Transportation activities are a dominant factor behind the emission of most pollutants and thus their impacts on the environment…

1. is generally clear and well understood.

2. often misunderstood and difficult to establish.

3. can be direct, indirect and cumulative.

4. people take into account.

3. Concept of sustainability requires a deep understanding of the influence between the physical environment and transport infrastructures. Thus…

a) the transportation sector is often subsidized by the public sector.

b) the main factors considered in the physical environment are geographical location, topography, geological structure, climate.

c) there is a risk that regulations will not be effectively complied to.

d) the relationships between transport and the environment are multidimensional.

Key words

affect	влиять
Carbon dioxide	углекислый газ
combustion technology	технология сгорания
congestion	затор (уличного движения), пробка
diesel locomotive	тепловоз
domestic transport	внутренний транспорт
emissions	выбросы
environmental degradation	ухудшение экологии
environmentally sustainable	экологически рациональный
exhaust after-treatment	выхлопные газы
fossil fuel	ископаемое топливо (нефть, газ, уголь)
global scale	мировой масштаб
greenhouse gas	парниковый газ
impact (positive, negative)	воздействие/влияние (положительное, отрицательное)
inland water transport	речной транспорт
locomotive depot (shed)	локомотивное депо
mode of transport	вид транспорта
noise exposure	шумовое воздействие
particulate matter	твёрдые частицы (в воздухе), взвесь
pollutant	загрязняющее вещество
pollution	загрязнение
rubble and sleeper impregnation plant	щебеночные и шпалопропиточные заводы
railway carriage repair works (брит.); railroad car repair plant (амер)	вагоноремонтный завод

Checklist

Assess your progress in this unit. Say which statements are true.

1. I can use comparatives and superlatives in my speech.

2. I can compare information to describe graphs.

3. My listening and reading are good enough to understand most of each text in this unit.

4. I can use key words to discuss the environmental impacts of transportation with my colleagues.