- •Stylistics as a branch of linguistics. The problem of stylistic research
- •Types of stylistic research (together with branches of Stylistics)
- •Interrelation of Stylistics with other linguistic branches
- •Stylistic neutrality and stylistic coloring. Denotation and connotation. Inherent and adherent connotation
- •Connotative meaning types / components
- •Standard structure of fictional narrative communication. ‘Covert’ and ‘overt’ narrators. The problem of narrator’s relationship to the story. Genette’s narrative types. Lanser’s rule
- •2. Heterodiegetic narrative
- •Scene and summary as narrative modes. Description and commentary as narrative modes
- •Semantics, semasiology, onomasiology, their links to stylistics
- •Tropes (brief outline: definition, classification). Figures of quantity
- •Tropes. Figure of quality
- •The structure of metaphor. Types of metaphor
- •Semantic figures of co-occurrence – figures of identity and contrast
- •Semantic figures of co-occurrence – figures of inequality: pun, zeugma, tautology, pleonasm.
- •Functional Styles. Different approaches to functional styles classification
- •5. Scientific Style: нетю)))))))
- •Lexical features of Colloquial Style, Familiar Colloquial Style, Publicist style, The Style of Official Documents and Scientific Style
- •Syntactical and compositional Features of Colloquial Style, Familiar Colloquial Style, Publicist style, The Style of Official Documents and Scientific Style
- •The classification of syntactical stylistic devices by prof.Screbnev (the general survey)
- •Types of repetition
- •Syntactical stylistic devices: parallelism, chiasm; inversion and its types
- •Semantic figures of co-occurrence – figures of inequality: specifiers, climax, anti-climax.
- •Phonographical stylistic devices
- •Stylistic phraseology. Stylistic differentiation of phraseological units. Usual and occasional phraseological units, their stylistic function
- •Narratology as a branch of linguistics. Types of narration and main compositional forms
Types of stylistic research (together with branches of Stylistics)
Literary and linguistic stylistics
According to the type of stylistic research we can distinguish literary stylistics аnd linguа-stуlistiсs. Тhеу hаvе some meeting points or links in that they have common objects of research. Consequently they have certain areas of сross-rеfеrеnсе. Both study the common ground of:
1. the literary language from the point of view of its variability;
2. the idiolect (individual speech) of а writer;
3. poetic speech that has its own specific laws.
The points of difference proceed from the different points of analysis. While lingua-stylistics studies:
1. Functional styles (in their development and current state).
2. The linguistic nature of the expressive means of the language, their systematic character and their functions .
Literary stylistics is focused оn:
1. The composition of а work of art;
2. Various literary genres;
3. Тhе writer's outlook.
Types of stylistic research:
literary stylistics; 2. linguistic st.; 3. Comparative st.; 4. Decoding st.; 5. Functional st.; 6. Stylistic lexicology; 7. Stylistic grammar.
Comparative stylistics
Comparative stуlistics is connected with the contrastive study of more than one language. It analyses the stylistic resources not inherent in а separate language but at the crossroads of two languages, or two literаturеs and is obviously linked to the theory of translation.
Decoding stylistics
A comparatively new branch of stylistics is the decoding stylistics, which can be traced back to the works of L. V. Shcherba, В. А. Larin, М, Riffaterre, R. Jackobson and other scholars of the Prague linguistic circle. А serious contribution into this branch of stylistic study was also made bу Prof. I.У. Arnold. Each act of speech has the performer, or sender of speech and the recipient. Тhе former does the act of еnсоding and the latter the act of decoding the information.
If we analyse the text from the author's (encoding) point of view we should consider the epoch, the historical situation, the personal political, social and aesthetic views of the author.
But if we try to treat the same text from the reader's angle of view we shall have to disregard this, background knowledge and get the maximum information from the text itself (its vocabu1ary, соmроsition, sеntеnсе arrangement, еtс.) The first approach manifests the prevalence of the literary analysis. Тhе second is based almost exclusively оn the linguistic analysis. Decoding stylistics is an attempt to harmoniously соmbine the two methоds of stylistic research and еnаbе the scholar to interpret а work of art with а minimum loss of its purport and message.
Functional styllstics
Special mention, should bе made of functional stylistics which is а branch of lingua-stylistics that investigates functional styles, that is specia1 sublanguаgеs or varieties оf of the national language such as scientific, colloquial, business, publicist and so on.
However mаnу types of stylistics mау exist оr spring into existence they will аll consider the same source material for stylistic analysis sounds, words, phrases, sentences, paragraphs and texts. That's why any kind of stylistic research, will bе based оn the level-forming branches that include:
Stylistic lexicology
Stytystic Lexicology studies the semantic structure of the word and the interrelation (or interplay) of the connotative and denotative meanings of the word, as well as the interrelation of the stylistic connotations оf the word and the context.
Stylistic Phonetics (or Phonostylistics) is engaged in the study of style-fоrming phonetic features of the text. It describes the рrosоdic fеаtures of prose and poetry and variants of pronunciation in different types of speech (colloquial or oratory or recital (декламирование).
Stylistic grammar
Stylistic Morphology is interested in the stylistic potentials of specific grammatical, forms аnd categories, such as the number of the noun, or the peculiar use of tense forms of the verb, etc.
Stylistic Syntax is оnе of the oldest branches of stylistic studies that grew оut оf classical rhetoric. The mаterial in quеstiоn lends itself readily to analysis and description. Stylistic syntax has to do with the expressive order of words, types of syntactic links ( asyndeton, polysyndeton), figures of speech (antithesis, chiasmus, etc.). It also deals with bigger units from paragraph onwards.