- •What is a logistician responsible for? Read the text and check your prediction.
- •Match the subtitles with the paragraphs in the text:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Many words in English can function as nouns, or verbs, or adjectives.
- •Fill in the table. The first one is done for you as the example.
- •Find the words hidden in the jumbles:
- •Which goods need specific treatment during transportation?
- •Name three products for which:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Interpret the nominal compounds:
- •Find the words in the jumbles:
- •Seven names of vehicles have been hidden in the box below. Find them.
- •Complete each sentence with the correct form of the word in capitals:
- •Fill in the correct preposition which goes with the underlined word. Some of them may be used more than once.
- •Substitute the words in italics with their synonyms from the list below:
- •Complete the messages from a message board on the Internet. Use a, the or one.
- •Complete the blanks with a (an), the or zero article.
- •Complete the conversation. Use a, the or –.
- •Comment on the following famous words:
- •Do you know:
- •Read the text and mark the sentences below as true (t) or false (f).
- •Complete the missing information.
- •Find ten words in the text and match them with their definitions.
- •Fill in the missing prepositions. Choose from the box below.
- •Match the words from columns to make proper collocations (they all appeared in the text).
- •Put the verb into the correct tense form (Past Simple or Present Perfect).
- •How would you answer the question above?
- •Do you know where in the world people drive on the right and where on the left?
- •Do you know why? the romans drove on the left
- •Match the words from the text with their definitions.
- •What about the rest of the world?
- •List the countries from the text where people drive:
- •Complete the missing words in the table below.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Use the correct form of the words from the table to complete the sentences. Change the form of the words in capitals.
- •Read the title of the short article below. What kind of pollution does it refer to? Read the article and check your predictions. Is this a problem where you live?
- •Invisible pollution
- •Here is a list of ten noises which most annoy people:
- •What are other curses of living in a city? What can be done to help city-dwellers?
- •Read the text and fill in the gaps with the expressions from the list:
- •Read the text below.
- •Match the following headlines with the paragraphs of the text.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Match the words with their definitions:
- •Complete the table using the words from the list. Some of them can be used more than once.
- •Fill in the missing words:
Many words in English can function as nouns, or verbs, or adjectives.
Example: They are building a new sports and leisure complex near where I live. (noun)
American society is complex and highly developed industrially. (adjective)
Look at the words (from 1 to 18) underlined in the text. What is their function in the sentence: verb, noun or adjective?
Choose five words from the list and make your own sentences illustrating their different functions.
Example: Transport helps to satisfy people's wants. (noun)
He wants to prove that he is an efficient worker, (verb)
Fill in the table. The first one is done for you as the example.
Branch |
Specialist / 'doer' |
What does he/she do? |
optics |
optician |
tests people's eye-sight, sells glasses and contact lenses |
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works for a political party |
environment |
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mathematician |
is trained in the study of numbers and calculations |
economics |
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writes and teaches about the production of wealth and the consumption of goods and services in a society, the organization of its money, industry and trade |
ecology |
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studies the pattern and balance of nature |
Find the words hidden in the jumbles:
Example: a person who buys things or uses services – (ROMCUNES – consumer)
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Text 2 SPECIFIC VEHICLES
Which goods need specific treatment during transportation?
Name three products for which:
special wrapping or packaging is necessary while transporting them
specific vehicles are a must
'Facilities create traffic' is an old rule in transport which means that you must have a specific vehicle for a particular class of traffic. Road tanker manufacturers offer specific vehicles for different goods units of which the following are important:
Covered vans which range from light vans and delivery vehicles up to bulk deliveries of furniture and equipment.
Open trucks which have sides and tailboards, but are not covered. They may be used for goods which do not spoil in wet weather.
Tippers which are usually very large open trucks, used for carrying bulk deliveries of non-spoiling commodities such as aggregates, ores, etc., which can easily be discharged by tipping.
Platform vehicles or 'flats 'which have no sides or tailboards, and are used for containers or packaged timber, or crates and boxes stacked on the platform and restrained by ropes, chains and/or tarpaulins.
Tankers which are usually of large size, with capacities up to about 5,000-6,000 gallons (22,000-27,000 liters) for the carriage of petroleum products and other liquids, bulk powders like sugar and flour, or grains.
Hopper vehicles which are used for carrying bulk grains, cement and similar products.
The way imposes serious limitations on the size, shape and speed of the units of carriage which use it. There are other factors, like: the requirements of traffic to be moved, the needs of staff, the need to keep costs down to remain competitive. You must also have a specific vehicle for a particular class of goods. Nowhere is the specific nature of vehicles more evident than in the problem of the 'empty leg' journey.
For example, milk moves in tankers from the agricultural areas to big cities all over the advanced world. Yet what use is the vehicle on the return journey to the countryside? Clearly its specific nature renders the return journey an 'empty leg'. It cannot be filled with fertilizer for the farms, or with furniture for rural households. At least one big firm has found a useful solution to the problem. A huge plastic bag the same shape as a container is filled with fruit concentrate and transported in a container. On arrival it is pumped clear, cleaned and sterilized, and returned rolled up for re-use. Other firms which have tried this solution have found it inconvenient and unsatisfactory for their purposes. Such happy solutions to the 'empty leg' problem are rare and only possible if a suitable return load is available.