- •Answer the following questions:
- •Find ten words in the word square and match them with their definitions.
- •Use the words from Exercise 3 to complete the sentences below. You may need to change the form of some words.
- •Find the words in the text that have opposite meaning to the following:
- •Match the words that have a similar meaning:
- •Complete the sentences below with the words from the exercises above.
- •Complete each sentence with the correct form of the word in capitals.
- •Complete each sentence with a word from the list, which presents different traffic participants.
- •Put adjectives into the correct form (Degrees of Comparison).
- •Read the dictionary entry for the word 'efficiency'.
- •Combine words from two columns to make proper collocations. Use them in sentences of your own.
- •Explain these adjectives according to the example given:
- •Find the words hidden in the jumbles.
- •Fill the missing words in. The first one has been done for you.
- •Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in capitals.
- •Put each of the following words in correct place.
- •Explain the difference between:
- •Put the verb into the correct tense form (Simple Tenses). Translate the sentences.
- •Match the pairs so that they make true statements.
- •Choose the best answer.
- •Find the words hidden in the jumbles.
- •Complete the sentences with the correct form of the word in capitals.
- •Substitute the words in italics with their synonyms from the list below.
- •Fill the correct prepositions in.
- •Germany’s ‘site of the century’
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Find the words hidden in the jumbles.
- •Match the two parts to make collocations.
- •Put the collocations from Exercise 6 into the following sentences.
- •Put the verb into the correct tense form (Simple or Continuous). Translate the sentences.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Correct the mistakes (each of the sentences contains one mistake).
- •Find one word in the text which has the same meaning as:
- •Complete the sentences below with words from the box. There are some additional information explanations in brackets.
- •Complete the text. (Degrees of Comparison) Translate it into Ukrainian.
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Match the words from the text with the definitions below.
- •Complete the statements below with phrases from the text.
- •Interpret the following phrases:
- •Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of the words in capitals.
- •Put the verb into the correct tense form in Passive.
- •Put different types of questions to the sentences from Exercise 10.
Fill the correct prepositions in.
The traffic lights have been installed _______ wrong location.
Buses can’t move _______ typical speed because _______ congestion.
Do you often go _______ work _______ bus?
There was a car crash _______ the junction and the traffic was blocked _______ half an hour.
Traffic jams are quite common here _______ peak hours.
Buying a faster car will make no significant difference _______ the speed _______ moving inside the city.
It might be more convenient _______ motorists to leave their cars _______ the city centers.
Authorities should do something to change people’s attitude _______ public transport.
Find the odd word out. Justify your answer.
Example: bus, bicycle, car, train, taxi. (bicycle – it doesn’t have an engine)
Passenger, driver, cyclist, motorist, motorcyclist;
Red, blue, green, yellow.
Go by, take, buy, wait for, get on;
Traffic lights, junction, lane, speed, road;
Drive, cycle, stop, move, go.
BEATING A BOTTLENECK
Compare a bottom diameter of a bottle and a diameter of its neck. How does this narrowing (necking) function when you fill a bottle and when you empty it? How does a similar narrowing (called a bottleneck) of a road influence traffic flow?
Can you give any examples of bottlenecks in or close to Kyiv? What are the possible solutions to this problem?
Read the texts. Complete the following table with the information from the text.
Country |
Volume of traffic |
Cause of the traffic problem |
Age of the tunnel |
Solution to the problem |
Lebanon |
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Germany |
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New highway project near the battered Lebanese capital will ease congestion and hopefully boost tourism.
Since the end of the war in Lebanon in 1990, the country has started a massive redevelopment program. One of the priorities is the construction of infrastructure, particularly in and around the capital, Beirut, where about a third of the country's three million people live and work. For the majority the car is the principle means of transport.
A key arterial road carries commuter and commercial traffic north from Beirut. The existing dual carriageway has three lanes in each direction, but a hindrance to smooth traffic flow is a 40-year-old narrow tunnel with two lanes either way. This short tunnel is the only route through a rock outcrop and is a serious bottleneck.
The volume of traffic along the route is estimated at over 200,000 vehicles per day. The situation will be eased following completion of the first stage of the planned work, namely the 4km long section which includes a new road around the existing tunnel.
The project is for the construction of new carriageways and rehabilitation of existing lanes to provide a four-lane, dual carriageway, involving many bridges and underpasses, and four major intersections. When the new lanes are opened, traffic will be diverted from the existing carriageways which will be rehabilitated and upgraded. The new highway will eventually be extended a further 15 km.
Most of the bridges are founded on 800mm diameter reinforced concrete piles. The bridges are precast girders, prestressed on the ground and lifted into position by mobile cranes. The deck is an 8mm thick precast concrete slab forming part of the main deck poured above. This method was adapted to maximize on time and save on formwork. The total project has over 40,000sqm of formed concrete structures.