15. Complete each sentence with a word from the list, which presents different traffic participants.

chauffer, conductor, motorist, steward, mechanic, cyclist, traffic warden, driver, pedestrian.

Example: The company chairman has a Rolls-Royce driven by a chauffer.

1. When my car broke down, a passing __________ towed it to the garage.

2. Tony was given a parking ticket by a __________.

3. John works as a _________ in a local garage.

4. There isn’t a __________ on this bus, you pay the driver.

5. David is a keen __________ and rides his bike to work every day.

6. The police asked me to describe the __________ of the car.

7. The car mounted the pavement and injured a __________.

8. Before take-off, the __________ told me to fasten my seat belt.

16. Put adjectives into the correct form (Degrees of Comparison).

1. The …… (long) I think of this car, the …… (much) I like it.

2. It is …… (good) to get there by the underground than by bus.

3. Automotive design is …… (interesting) subject at our university.

4. The …… (short) the lever, the …… (great) effort you need to lift the weight.

5. He is …… (good) student in our group. He managed to enter this university without any difficulty and passes all his exams easily.

6. The bus system is …… (reliable) in London than in Kyiv and the streets are …… (clean).

7. A design goal may range from solving …… (little) significant individual problem of …… (small) element to …… (influential) goals.

8. To achieve …… (elegant) and stylish look, a designer uses …… (expensive) materials.

9. Is this brand as …… (famous) as that one?

10. Do you have …… (much) or …… (little) free time now than you had last year? What is …… (interesting) thing that you like to do?

17. What can you tell about Kyiv city transport system? What kind of transport is used most frequently? Are you satisfied with its work? What can be done to make our public transport system better and help city-dwellers?

EFFICIENCY IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT

1. Read the dictionary entry for the word 'efficiency'.

efficiency - the quality of doing something well with no waste of time or money,

e.g. improvements in efficiency at the factory

Which of the following can improve your efficiency as a student:

walking	a new ball-pen	carefully planned diet
buying new clothes	more time spent in a library	a computer
watching TV	more tune spent in a pub	a good timetable?

Which of the following can improve efficiency of public transport:

more modem buses	bigger plates with bus numbers	some extra equipment inside buses/trams
new bus / tram routes	bigger buses	city plan on every means of transport?
punctuality	cheaper fares
24 hour service	more frequent ticket controls

2. Have you got any experience connected with using public transport anywhere abroad? Compare it with public transport in Ukraine. List some advantages and disadvantages.

3. What is your opinion about public transport in Kyiv?

4. How much does it cost to travel by bus / tram in your city? Is there one fare only? Does it cost more at different times? Are there any special tickets if you travel a lot every day?

5. Read the text to find out what proposals are being discussed to make public transport more efficient.

From the passenger's point of view it is quite possible to identify two views of public transport efficiency. The first is that there is a service on offer when the individual passenger requires it. The second is that although the service supplied may not meet the exact needs of individual passengers, at least it is predictable and meets the major requirements of passenger journeys. However, a great number of passengers perceive that public transport is inefficient because the service does not go where the passenger requires and it often does not go where and when timetabled. That is why actions should be undertaken by the public transport operator to increase the perceived efficiency of public transport in the minds of the general population. Better trains, buses and trams should actually meet people's needs.

Some of the proposals of the London operator, Transport 2000, include:

• Modem and efficient public transport: high quality services that work well and attractive rail and bus stations with high quality facilities.

• A comprehensive and growing public transport network, including new train lines and re-openings, extensions of bus services in rural areas and the use of taxi-buses.

• An integrated system: buses that connect with trams that connect with trains that lead to cycle lanes and taxi-buses taking people home from the station. Tickets need to be integrated, too. (In Holland you can buy an add-on to your train ticket for a taxi at the other end that will take you to your door for about £2!)

• Cheap, straightforward fares, including a national rail card, a cheap flat fare on buses, free travel for older people and no complicated restrictions on when people can use their tickets. (In countries like Holland and Switzerland people already have a national rail card.)

• Accessible transport that we can all use, from the ticket office to boarding and alighting, regardless of physical ability or age. Public transport should be designed in such a way that you can use it with a pushchair or wheelchair, or if you have a visual impairment.

• Priority for public transport: we need more bus lanes and priority traffic lights that let buses through first.

• Peace of mind: the need for more staff on duty and better lighting at bus and train stations and on their approaches to combat crime and fear of crime, especially among vulnerable sections of the community.

• Safe travel: although trains and buses are statistically safer than cars we must make sure that when accidents do happen they are not repeated. In particular, we need to see investment in safety measures to prevent trains passing signals at danger.

• A flexible and door-to-door service: one of the advantages of a car is that we can decide to go somewhere right now and just set off direct from our own door. We should be able to do likewise with public transport. That's why we should aim, wherever possible, for a public transport system that enables you to go from your door to the address you are travelling to, on one ticket, without having to book in advance and without a series of long waits.

• Accountability: our public transport system should be responsive to what the public want. It must be geared to meeting people's needs.

6. Which proposals listed in the text seem the most important to you? Put them all in the order of importance (1 – the most important, 10 – the least important). Compare your answers with those of your partner. Justify your choice.

high quality services	priority for public transport
a comprehensive public transport system	peace of mind
an integrated system	safe travel
cheap fares	a flexible door-to-door service
accessible transport	accountability