Тема 15.2. Научные методы раскрытия преступлений.

Грамматическая тема: Условные предложения ΙΙ типа.

Study the words and the word-combinations

Techniques - методы;

analysis, pl. analyses - анализ;

blood stains – пятна крови;

fluid - жидкость;

semen - сперма;

spittle - слюна;

threads - нитки;

microscopy - микроскопия;

sample - образец;

genetically - генетически;

anorganic - неорганический;

paint - краска;

forgery – подделка;

data base - база данных;

modus operandi - способ совершения преступления, почерк преступника, модус операнди преступника;

repeatedly - неоднократно;

burglar - вор-взломщик;

deception - обман;

practice upon - применять;

fraud - мошенничество;

all – всё это;

visual – визуальный;

identification - опознание; установление личности;

stranger - незнакомец;

miscarriage of justice - судебная ошибка;

recognize - узнать;

pick out - выбирать;

lineup identification - идентификация личности путем опознания;

line up - стать в очередь;

evidence of criminality - доказательства совершения преступления, улики.

I. Scan through the text. Restore the word order in the questions that follow and answer them.

Scientific techniques to identify suspects

A broad range of other scientific techniques is available to law enforcement agencies attempting to identify suspects or to establish beyond doubt the connection between a suspect and the crime in question. Examples include the analysis of bloodstains and traces of other body fluids, such as semen or spittle, that may indicate some of the characteristics of the offender. Threads can be analyzed by microscopy or chemical analysis to show, for instance, that threads found on the victim or at the scene of the crime are similar to those in the clothing of the suspect. Hair samples can be compared chemically and genetically to those of the suspect. Many inorganic substances, such as glass, paper, and paint, can bring considerable information under chemical analysis. Examination of a document in question may reveal it to be a forgery. Examination of a fragment of glass may help to identify the kind of automobile involved in an accident. Computer allows investigators to create the necessary data bases. The method (modus operandi) by which an offense was committed may also help to identify the suspect, as many offenders repeatedly commit offenses in much the same way. The burglar's method of entry into the house, the type of property stolen, or the kind of deception practiced on the victim of a fraud may all suggest to the police who is responsible for the crime. Visual identification of a stranger by the victim is often possible, but experience has shown that such identifications are often mistaken and have frequently led to miscarriages of justice. If the victim or witness believes that he can recognize the offender, the police may show him an album containing photographs of a large number of known criminals, in the hope that one can be picked out. A suspect identified in this way is usually asked to take part in a lineup, in which the witness is asked to pick the suspect out of a group of people with similar characteristics.

1) What analyses and traces some of the characteristics of the offender may indicate? 2) What the analysis of threads can show? 3) Can hair samples genetically to those of the suspect be compared? 4) What inorganic substances considerable information under chemical analysis can bring? 5) Examination reveal it to be a forgery of a document may, mayn't it? 6) What to identify the kind of automobile involved in an accident may help? 7) What computer does allow investigators to do? 8) Why modus operandi also may help to identify the suspect? 9) What to the police who is responsible for the crime may suggest? 10) What identification frequently to miscarriages of justice leads? 11) What to be done if the victim or witness believes that he can recognize the offender is?

II. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1) Modus operandi is a way of doing something that is typical of one person or group. 2) Examination of a document may reveal it to be original. 3) Examination of a fragment of bumper may help to identify the kind of automobile involved in an accident. 4) Rumours allow investigators to create the necessary data bases. 5) The method by which an offense was committed can hardly help to identify the suspect. 6) Offenders differ radically from each other in commission of offence. 7) The burglar's method of entry into the house is to suggest to the police who is responsible for the crime. 8) The type of property stolen may not suggest to the police who is responsible for the crime. 9) The kind of bluff practiced on the victim of a fraud may suggest to the police who is responsible for the crime. 10) Visual identification of a stranger by the victim is always true. 11) Visual identification of a newcomer by the victim leads to miscarriages of justice.

III. Restore the word order in the following statements.

1) Scientific techniques identify suspects help. 2) Scientific techniques beyond doubt the connection between establish suspects and crimes. 3) The analysis of bloodstains the characteristics of the offender indicates. 4) The analysis of threads that threads found on the victim are similar to those in the clothing of the suspect shows. 5) The analysis of threads that threads found at the scene of the crime are similar to those in the clothing of the suspect shows. 6) Hair samples can be chemically and genetically to those of the suspect compared. 7) The analysis brings of inorganic substances considerable information about the suspect.

IV. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.

Улики; правонарушитель; пятна крови; жертва; преступление; микроскопия; место совершения преступления; вне сомнения; подделка; подозреваемый; база данных; почерк преступника; вор-взломщик; обман; применять; мошенничество; визуальный; установление личности; незнакомец; судебная ошибка; узнать; выбирать; идентификация личности путем опознания; идентифицировать.

V. Complete the following statements.

1) The analysis of bloodstains may indicate … 2) The analysis of body fluids may indicate … 3) The analysis of threads may show … 4) Hair samples can be compared … 5) Many inorganic substances can bring … 6) Examination of a document may reveal … 7) Examination of a fragment of glass may help … 8) Computer allows … 9) Modus operandi may … 10) Many offenders repeatedly commit … 11) The burglar's method of entry into the house may suggest … 12) Visual identifications are often … 13) If the victim believes that he can recognize the offender, the police may … 14) A suspect is usually asked to take part in …

VI. Choose one topic to speak about evidence of criminality: a) body fluids; b) threads and hair samples; c) inorganic substances; d) modus operandi; e) visual identification. Retell the text Scientific techniques to identify suspects.