Тема 13. Характеристика правонарушителей

Цель: развитие умений говорения по теме.

Задачи:

• расширять потенциальный запас лексических знаний учащихся,

• совершенствовать умения изучающего и просмотрового чтения,

• формировать навыки монологического высказывания по теме,

• способствовать межпредметным связям в рамках учебной программы.

Учащийся должен знать:

• лексический материал по изучаемой теме,

• полную фактическую информацию, содержащуюся в текстах лексической темы,

• образование форм и употребление Причастий I и II.

Учащийся должен уметь:

• понимать содержание представленных текстов,

• выполнять задания к прочитанному тексту, резюмировать полученную информацию и аргументировано излагать свои мысли по теме,

• на практике применять лексические и грамматические знания по теме.

Тема 13.1. Мужская и женская преступность

Грамматическая тема: Причастие I и II.

1. Study the words and the word-combinations.

female – женский

male – мужской

outnumber – превосходить численно

incidence – сфера действия

recorded crime – преступление, зафиксированное в досье преступника

penal system – пенитенциарная система

increase – увеличивать, увеличение

exhibit – показывать

trend – тенденция

criminal justice – уголовное судопроизводство

less likely – менее вероятный

law enforcement agency – правоприменяющий орган

chivalry – рыцарство

2. Match the words with their definitions:

Outnumber, penal system, chivalry, exhibit, trend

1. to show publicly (for sale, in a competition, etc.)

2. the system which is connected with punishment for various crimes

3. be greater in number than

4. general direction; tendency

5. laws and customs of the knights in the Middle Ages

3. Read the text and get ready to speak about male and female criminality.

Male criminality and female criminality.

Knowledge of the types of people who commit crimes is generally based on studies of those who have been detected, prosecuted, and convicted. A first aspect of criminality is that crime is predominantly a male activity. In all criminal populations men outnumber women by a high proportion. In Britain in 1984, for instance, of 449,000 offenders found guilty of criminal offenses, 387,400 (86 percent) were males; in the same year, the average population of the prisons consisted of 41,822 men and 1,473 women. In most Western societies the incidence (the number of times something bad happens) of recorded crime by women, and the number of women passing through the penal systems, is on the increase; in the United States, for instance, the number of women arrested for property crimes between 1960 and 1976 increased by 276 percent — a significantly higher rate of increase than that exhibited by other groups. A similar trend is shown in English prison statistics: the number of women in prison rose from 538 in 1974 to 941 in 1984, an increase of 75 percent in 10 years. A number of explanations have been offered for this trend. One suggestion is that it reflects a real trend in the commission of crimes by women — that the changing social role of women, with more women leaving the home and taking employment, expecting and achieving financial independence, leads to greater opportunity for crime and to greater temptation. An alternative explanation is that the change in the rate of female criminality merely reflects a change in the operation of the criminal justice system —t hat crimes committed by women are less likely than was previously the case to be ignored by law enforcement agencies out of a sense of chivalry. Even though female criminality appears to be increasing faster than male criminality, it will be many years before women reach the same level of crime as men.

IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1) Crime is predominantly a female activity. 2) Men leave behind women in all criminal populations. 3) Women are seldom found guilty of criminal offenses. 4) Few women passed through the penal systems. 5) Women are often arrested for serious crimes. 6) The commission of crimes by women decreased. 7) The changing social role of women leads to greater opportunity for education and upbringing. 8) The change in the rate of male criminality reflects a change in the operation of the criminal justice system. 9) Crimes committed by women were ignored by law enforcement agencies out of a sense of humour. 10) Male criminality increases faster than female one. 11) Women will soon reach the same level of crime as men.

V. Translate the following words and phrases from Russian into English.

Превзойти; тяжкое преступление; уменьшаться; соблазн; воспитание; чувство юмора; женский; мужской; система карательно-исправительных учреждений; увеличивать; увеличение; показывать; тенденция; уголовное судопроизводство; менее вероятный; правоприменяющий орган; превосходить численно; сфера действия; преступление, зафиксированное в досье преступника; рыцарство.

Answer the questions:

What is knowledge of the types of people who commit crimes generally based on?

Is crime predominantly a male activity?

Do men outnumber women in all criminal populations?

What is on the increase in most Western societies?

What is shown in English prison statistics?

What is the first explanation for this trend?

What is the second explanation for this trend?

VII. Complete the following statements.

Crime is predominantly … 2) Men outnumber … 3) Women are often found guilty of … 4) Many women passed through … 5) Women are often arrested for … 6) The commission of crimes by women … 7) The changing social role of women leads … 8) The change in the rate of female criminality reflects … 9) Crimes committed by women were ignored … 10) Female criminality appears … 11) Women will never reach …