Инфинитив без частицы to

Инфинитив употребляется без частицы to:

1. После модальных глаголов (кроме ought to, have to, be to).

2. После глаголов:

to make заставлять

to let разрешать,

а иногда также после глаголов:

to help помогать

to dare сметь, отважиться

I let him go there.

Я разрешил ему пойти туда.

Help me (to) do it.

Помогите мне сделать это.

3. После сочетаний:

had better лучше бы

would rather, would sooner предпочел бы

I would rather not tell them about it.

Я предпочел бы не говорить им об этом.

4. После союза than в сравнениях.

I prefer to drive to work rather than take the bus.

Я больше предпочитаю ездить на работу на машине, чем на автобусе.

5. В обороте «объектный падеж с инфинитивом» после глаголов:

to see видеть

to watch наблюдать

to hear слышать

to feel чувствовать

to notice замечать и некоторых других.

I saw him fall to the ground. Я видел, как он упал на землю.

Примечание:

Когда глаголы в пунктах 2 и 5 употребляются в страдательном залоге, следующий за ним инфинитив употребляется с частицей to. Не was mad e to do it. Его заставили это сделать.

В вопросах, начинающихся с why not

Why not go to the disco?

Почему бы нам не пойти на дискотеку.

EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Употребите инфинитив с частицей -to, где необходимо.

1. Let him ... help you with your work.

2. He would rather die than ... betray his friends.

3. Have you ever heard him ... complain of difficulties?

4. He was never heard ... complain of difficulties.

5. She seems... know a great deal about criminology.

6. All I have now ... do is... send them a telegram.

7. There is hardly anything ... do but ... work out an alternative plan.

8. Let them ... come as early as possible.

9. All I have ... ask the assistant... do is... perform all these operations.

10. Have you enough ... pay the bills?

Exercise 2. Найдите в предложениях инфинитив, определите его форму и функцию.

1. It is the duty of the Government to maintain law and order.

2. Laws tell people what they must do and what they must not do.

3. The members of the jury have to decide only the questions of fact.

4. A witness box is a place where a witness stands to give evidence in a court of law.

5. To swear an oath means to make a promise which God is called on to witness.

6. It's wrong to blame publishers for the high price of books.

7. The problem was too complicated to solve it within two hours.

Exercise 3. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. He asked to leave for a few minutes.

2. He demanded to know the truth.

3. I beg to inform me of the details of the case.

4. We asked to be given convincing evidence.

5. They demanded to be shown the authentic documents.

6. You yourself said not to mention it to him.

ТЕСТ

Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. Let's watch the parade ________ past.

a) to go

b) to be going

с) be gone

d) go

2. There is no even a chance for him ________.

a) to promote

b) to be promoted

с) to be promoting

d) to have been promoted

3. Adam seems ________ even harder these days.

a) to study

b) to be studying

с) to have been studied

d) to be studied

4. I am proud ________ an opportunity of working on your staff.

a) to have given

b) to give

с) to have been given

d) to be giving

5. Rita saw Michael ________ down the steps.

a) fall

b) to be falling

с) to fall

d) to be fallen

6. The computer program appears ________ a bug in it.

a) to have

b) to had had

с) have

d) to having

7. Although Jane hopes ________ to Mark's birthday party, it is unlikely that she will be.

a) to invite

b) to have invited

с) to be invited

d) to have been invited

8. It's difficult to know how much luggage ________ with you.

a) to take

b) to be taking

с) to be taken

d) take

9. The shop provides baskets for the customers ________ their purchases in.

a) to put

b) to have put

с) to be putting

d) put

10. The Board of Directors seem ________ the proposal for more than an hour.

a) to negotiate

b) to be negotiating

с) to have negotiated

d) to have been negotiating

11. It's a nice film for you ________.

a) to do

b) to speak

c) to see

d) to hear

12. He expects _______ to join him at dinner.

a) we

b) ours

c) our

d) us

13. You'd better _______ the lecture.

a) to be attended

b) attending

c) attend

d) to attend

14. She felt her head ________ round.

a) rise

b) go

c) shake

d) stay

15. The news made Betsу ________ bitterly.

a) to cry

b) to be crying

c) to have cried

d) cry

16. Ann wanted James _______ her some money.

a) to lend

b) be lending

c) lend

d) lent

17. He expected the company ______ his medical bill.

a) to be paying

b) to pay

c) pay

d) paying

18. I was too sleepy _______ the article to the end.

a) to fly

b) to quarrel

c) to win

d) to read

19. Try _______ the key the other way.

a) to turn

b) have turned

c) be turning

d) turn

20. She heard John ______ with his partner.

a) for to quarrel

b) to quarrel

c) quarrel

d) to be quarrel

21. Mr. Burton needn't ______ his namesake never turned up.

a) to hurry

b) hurry

c) have hurried

d) be hurried

22. I meant ______ you for a drive on Sunday, but I was too busy.

a) to take

b) to have taken

c) to be taken

d) be taken

23. Nick must ______ badminton in the yard.

a) play

b) to play

c) be playing

d) have played

24. Your bad habits must ______ with no matter how difficult it is.

a) have broken

b) be broken

c) have been broken

d) break

25. 40 events must ______ into the All-Union competitions already, but perhaps some more will be still added.

a) be included

b) to include

c) have been included

d) be including

26. I told him ______ the letters.

a) to post

b) to have posted

c) to have been posted

d) to be posted

27. I saw her ______ the room.

a) to leave

b) leave

c) to be left

d) be left

28. He was glad ______ there.

a) to invite

b) invite

c) to be invited

d) to be inviting

29. There is every reason ______ that the cargo will arrive in time.

a) suppose

b) to be supposed

c) to suppose

d) to have supposed

30. He is always the first ______ to the university.

a) to come

b) to be coming

c) come

d) be coming