10. Read the sentences below and decide which ones are connected with a hotel (h) and which with a train station (t). If the sentence could be both (h) or (t), mark it (ht).

I've got a student card. Oh yes, of course. Can I help you?

With a bath please. How much is the room?

With bath or with shower?

Bye.

That's £7.10 then with one of those.

A single please.

Pardon?

Good morning.

Could I have a ticket to Norwich, please?

Could you fill in the form please?

£14.20 please.

How long will you be staying?

10.25 from platform 7.

Can 1 pay by credit card?

Single or double?

Yes, I'd like a room please.

Let's see, there's five, and two is seven

and ten pence.

£25 a night including breakfast.

Your room is number 215 on the first floor.

I hope you have a nice stay.

Oh, a single please.

How much is it?

Yes, of course, could you register please?

Thank you.

Thank you very much, bye.

Single or return?

Could you tell me what time the next train is?

Two nights.

Now write two separate dialogues in your notebook, one takes place in a hotel and the other in a train station. Use all the sentences above in the correct order.

11. Look at the following questions and choose the correct answer

^{1 Commuter means:}

a Someone who goes to work by bus or by train, b Someone who works at home.

с Someone who likes trains.

2. The word "unleaded" usually has something to do with:

a tyres,

b petrol,

с oil.

3. When travelling by train you sit in:

a an apartment.

b a compartment.

с a department.

4. The steering-wheel in British cars is:

a on the left-hand side,

b on the right-hand side.

5. A cabbie:

a is the driver of a double-decker bus.

b is the driver of a London taxi.

с is the driver of an under­ground train

6. The London Underground is also called:

a the tube,

b the metro,

с the sprinter.

12. ^{You are at the} railway station with your landlady's son who is five years old. Explain to him in simple English what each rule means. Write the explanations in your notebook.

AT YOUR STATION
Do 1 Be considerate to other people who want to use the station. 2 Allow plenty of time at the station before your train is due. 3 Stay off the tracks. 4 Keep away from the platform edge. 5 Keep a close watch on small children. 6 Secure prams and pushchairs.	Don’t 1 Try to board a moving train. 2 Ride bikes or use skateboards on the platform. 3 Ignore signs - they are there to protect you. 4 Cross the tracks to teach your platform: use the footbridge or subway. 5 Try to retrieve anything dropped on the line.

Unit xthe united states of america ("u.S.A.")

1. Read and translate text a

Vocabulary

to be located on -- быть расположенным

to border on – граничить с

both … and – как .. . так и

as well as –так же как

to comprise – включать

government – правительство

to levy a tax – взимать налог

at one's disposal – в чьем-л. распоряжении

a large amount of – большое количество

to exercise powers – применять власть

to maintain -- поддерживать

to issue laws – издавать законы

legislature – законодательная власть, законодательный орган штата (амер.)

under the Constitution – согласно конституции

to consist of – состоять из

judicial power – судебная власть

to vest – наделять (правом), давать права, облекать правом (in, with - чем-л.)

however – однако

cattle-breeding – животноводческий

oil well – нефтяная скважина

The U.S.A. is located on the continent of North America. It borders on both Canada and Mexico and has coasts on both the North Pacific and the North Atlantic Ocean. It is the fourth largest country in the world, covering about 9.3 million square kilometers (although in America they don't use the metric system). The population of the U.S.A. is about 300 million. The U.S.A is a country of immigrants who have come from Europe as well as from almost every other part of the world. The U.S.A is a federal republic with a very strong democratic tradition. The USA comprises 50 states and one district where the capital is situated. The capital is the city of Washington (District of Columbia). Each of the states has a government of its own. State governments have a large amount of power and independence; they can issue their own laws and levy taxes on their people. They also maintain a state police force, the education system, the prison system, road building, exercise all the powers of government not expressly given to Washington. The governers of the states even have military forces (a "militia") at their own disposal to defend the state's independence.

The thirteen united states of America won their independence from the British crown on October 19,1781, but they did not decide to join together as one country until the U.S. Constitution was adopted by Congress on September 17, 1787 in the city of Philadelphia. And the Constitution did not become effective until ratified by nine states, which happened on June 21, 1988. The first state to ratify the constitution was Deleware, the last was New Hampshire. The other four states didn't join the union until later. The chief of the nation and the Head of the Government is the President, who is elected every four years by the electoral college, whose members are chosen in the same manner as the national legislature. The legislative body is the bicameral Congress, consisting of the Senate (with 100 members, two from each state) and the House of Representatives (with 435 members elected by a locality within each state, with each state having the same share of members as it has share of the national population). The judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court (with nine members appointed by the president, approved by the Senate and serving a life term).

The climate of the country varies greatly, from severe arctic in Alaska to tropical in Hawaii. The climate along the Pacific coast is, however, much warmer than that of the Atlantic coast. Some of the major rivers are the Missisipi, the Missouri, the Rio-Grande and the Columbia. Bordering on Canada there is the chain of Great Lakes, which are famous for their depth, purity and magnificent landscapes. U.S. natural conditions are favourable for farming. Historically, the midwestern region of the country has been mainly agricultural, whereas the mountaineous West has always been known as a cattle-breeding area. The USA is the most highly developed industrial country in the world. Most of its industries are based on advanced scientific technologies. Aircraft, armament, car production, chemical industries and electrical engineering are among them. The USA is also the world’s leading producer of iron ore and coal.

Eight American cities have populations over one million. In order of size from largest to smallest they are: New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Philadelphia, San Diego, Detroit and Dallas. New York City is famous for high culture (symphony, an museums, ballet, орera, theater etc.). Los Angeles is famous for perfect weather and for Hollywood, land of movie stars. Chicago is famous for strong winds, hard winters, and delicious inexpensive food, especially sausages and hot dogs. Houston and Dallas are famous for oil wells, strange accents and cowboys. Philadelphia is famous for being the center of the American revolution. San Diego is famous as the fastest growing city in America. Detroit is famous for Motown rock & roll music and for making cars and breakfast cereals. The oldest city in America is Boston, which was founded in the year 1620. Not one of these cities is the capital of the state where it is located.

2. Answer the questions

1. Where is the USA situated?

2. What is the total area of the country?

3. What is the political system of the USA?

4. What is the capital of the country?

5. What do you know about the history of the country?

6. What do you know about the climate of the country?

7. What are the biggest rivers of the USA?

8. How any cities have populations over one million?

3. Find in the text the English equivalents to the following words and word combinations

Располагаться, собственное правительство, выпускать собственные законы, взимать налоги с населения, защищать независимость штата, принимать конституцию, Верховный суд, палата представителей, в то время как, значительно отличаться, однако, высокоразвитый, передовой, вооружение, благоприятные условия, железная руда, особенно.

4. Retell Text A

5. Places get their names in a variety of different ways. Sometimes, a place is named after the people who live there. Other times, a loca­tion is named after the person who discovered it or after a famous per­son. There are even places that are named after the way they look. The states of the USA also got their names in different ways. Read the information about the nicknames of some of the states and fill in the table

The state	The nickname(s)	The way the state got its nickname(s)
Maine	fine-Tree State	Pinetree forests

Four-fifth of Maine is covered by forests that feed its wood-processing industry. Hence its nickname is the 'Pine-Tree State'.

^{The official nickname of New Hampshire} the 'Granite State' because of her extensive granite quarried (карьер), and the people there are called 'Granite Boys'.

Vermont, the only New England state lack­ing an ocean coastline, is famous for its green moun­tains. Vermont is generally, by simple translation of the original French name, called the 'Green Mountain State' and Vermonters - 'Green Mountain Boys'.

The name 'Rhode Island' is derived from the Dutch, means 'the island'. Rhode Island, the nation's smallest state, is no island. 'Little Rhody' is the nickname of Rhode Island.

Because more than one-third of the area of the state are the Allegheny Mountains, West Virginia is called the 'Mountain State'. It's also known as the 'Panhandle State' because the shape of the state is like a pan with a handle on it.

South Carolina is given the nickname - the 'Palmetto State'.

Florida was named by Ponce de Leon in 1512 due to the fact that the whole region which he saw was covered with flowers. Florida's nicknames are: the 'Alligator State', the 'Everglade State', the 'Land of Flowers', the 'Mocking-Bird State', the 'Orange State'.

The state Virginia is named after the Queen of England Elizabeth I (the 'Virgin Queen'). The names the 'Ancient Dominion' and the 'Old Dominion' are still widely applied to Virginia, having originated in colonial days, when Virginia was the oldest British colony in America. Because Virginia is the most north­ern of the South Atlantic States, located south of the Potomac River, radio broadcasters call it 'Down Where the South Begins'. Her nickname the 'Mother of Presidents' is thanks to the fact that so many of the early presidents of the United States were native Virginians, and because Virginia has produced such a great number of statesmen, she is called the 'Mother of Statesrnen'.

Pennsylvania was named after William Penn, the founder of the colony. The term means 'Penn's woods', or 'Penn's forest'. Five nicknames are given to the State of Pennsylvania: the 'Coal State', the 'Keystone State', the 'Oil State', the 'Quaker State' and the 'Steel State'.