Контрольные вопросы

1. С какой целью в предложении употребляются заместители существительного?

2. С чем и как согласуются заместители существительного?

3. Перечислите местоимения-заместители существительного.

4. Как переводятся заместители существительного? Приведите пример.

Упражнения

1. Переведите предложения. Слова-заместители существительного выделены подчеркиванием.

1. In reading Shakespeare's works, one finds many common everyday words that are used with meanings quite different from those they have today. 2. The phonology of Korean is similar to that of both Japanese and Chinese, perhaps slightly favouring the latter (последний). 3. The language used by the child is determined far more by that of its playfellows than by that of its parents. 4. The Ainus (айны) live in conditions somewhat similar to those of the Indians of the United States in certain areas of the Japanese islands, and are evidently the remnant of the people who inhabited the island empire before the Japanese came. 5. Their language is something quite different from that spoken in ancient times. 6. This poem and the one quoted above need, in fact, to be considered together. 7. The later culture layer (слой) is poorer in forms and is more monotonous than the older one: many of the older types of harpoons and arrows are missing. 8. The skeletons were found in the trunk (ствол) of a great tree. That of King Arthur was of a very large man. 9. Though he is not unaware of the tragic and negative side of so many things, his way of reacting to them will be quite different from that of all other men. 10. They have postulated that the Eskimos are not the product of a simple eastward migration from Asia, but that their origin is linked with that of the American Indian.

2. Переведите, употребляя слова-заместители.

1. Его история похожа на ту, которую я прочитал в книге. 2. Погода будет похожа на ту, которая была в канун (eve) Нового года. 3. Но язык, на котором он говорит, – не язык его родителей. 4. Но если эта машина – машина Пола, то возникают некоторые вопросы. 5. Эта точка зрения является точкой зрения математика (mathematician), а не физика (physicist).

3.2.2 Заместители прилагательного. Повторяющееся прилагательное может заменяться словом so. При переводе на русский язык прилагательное следует повторять, либо не переводить слово so:

• The first chapter was very difficult, the second one less so. Первая глава была очень трудная, вторая – менее (трудная).

Контрольные вопросы

1. С какой целью в предложении употребляются заместители прилагательного?

2. Какие заместители прилагательного вы знаете?

3. Как переводятся заместители прилагательного?

Упражнения

1. Найдите прилагательные, которые заменяются словом so. Переведите предложения.

1. This list was criticized on various grounds, some quite legitimate (законный, разумный), others less so. 2. Michael noticed that all these cars were expensive, and some very much so. 3. All these songs were nice, and some were quite old, others less so. 4. The style of this novel is not more ornate (витиеватый, изощренный) than that, let us say, of Robinson Crusoe, and incomparably less so than that of many Japanese books of later date. 5. Of the criticism which appeared in the eighteen major reviews in England, nine were favourable, some very much so. 6. The weather will remain dry across Wales for the rest of Sunday, and while still cold, less so than recently. 7. There is a fundamental (существенный) demand (спрос) for air travel and more so for low-fare air travel. 8. Fire was a year-round danger, but more so during festivities (празднества). 9. Schemes that offer financial reward for healthy behaviour are being tried out across the UK. Rewards seem to work well in drug treatment programmes and in helping pregnant women stop smoking, but less so in programmes for general smoking cessation (прекращение). 10. His story is inherently (по своей сути) affecting, made more so by French actor Vincent Lindon.