VII. Make up your own sentences using the words from the vocabulary of the text.
VIII. Retell the information of the text. Computer-aided design
Basilica of St Francis of Assisi, Assisi, Italy
I. Read and translate the text using the words given below.
Computer-aided design is the use of computer software to create drawings. Today the vast majority of technical drawings of all kinds are made using CAD. Instead of drawing lines on paper, the computer records similar information electronically. There are many advantages to this system: repetition is reduced because complex elements can be copied, duplicated and stored for re-use. Errors can be deleted, and the speed of draughting allows many permutations to be tried before the design is finalised. On the other hand, CAD drawing encourages a proliferation of detail and increased expectations of accuracy, aspects which reduce the efficiency originally expected from the move to computerisation.
CAD programmes, for example the worldwide market leader AutoCAD, are complex and require both training and experience before the operator becomes fully productive. Consequently skilled CAD operators are often divorced from the design process. There are other more basic programmes such as SketchUp that allow for more intuitive drawing and are intended as a design tool.
CAD is used to create all kinds of drawings, from working drawings to photorealistic perspective views. Architectural renderings (also called visualisations) are made by creating a three-dimensional model using CAD. The model can be viewed from any direction to find the most useful viewpoints. Different software (for example Autodesk 3ds Max) is then used to apply colour and texture to surfaces, and to represent shadows and reflections. The result can be accurately combined with photographic elements: people, cars, background landscape.
An architectural animation is a short film showing how a proposed building will look: the moving image makes three-dimensional forms much easier to understand. An animation is generated from a series of hundreds or even thousands of still images, each made in the same way as an architectural visualisation. A computer-generated building is created using a CAD programme, and that is used to create more or less realistic views from a sequence of viewpoints. The simplest animations use a moving viewpoint, while more complex animations can include moving objects: people, vehicles and so on.
II. Learn the vocabulary to the text:
Computer-aided design – система автоматизированного проектирования
Computer software – программное обеспечение вычислительной техники
Draughting – выполнение эскиза
Permutation – перемещение, преобразование, комбинация, сочетание
Proliferation –количественный рост, распространение, подъём
Design tool – инструмент конструирования или проектирования
Perspective view – перспективное изображение
Visualisation – визуализация, наглядное представление
Background landscape – пейзаж заднего плана
Computer-generated building – создаваемое компьютером здание
Viewpoint – точка обзора, наблюдения, фотографирования
III. Give the English equivalents to the following word combinations:
Создавать рисунки, обширное большинство, похожая информация, преимущества, сложные элементы, ошибка, точность, снижать эффективность, требовать опыт, трёхмерная модель, применить цвет, движущиеся объекты, удалить, с другой стороны.
IV. Give the Russian equivalents to the following word combinations:
Computer-aided design, computer software, to be duplicated, fully productive, to be divorced, intuitive drawing, perspective view, viewpoint, to represent shadow, background landscape, computer-generated building, sequence of viewpoints, complex animation, vehicle.
V. Answer the following questions using the information from the text:
What is a computer-aided design?
What is used for the preparation of technical drawings?
Do you know any advantages of computer-aided design?
Can you name any CAD programmes?
What is CAD used for?
What is an architectural animation?
VI. Use the proper form of the verb:
1. She'll come and see you before she (leave) for London.
2. We won't move from here until you (come) back.
3. Don't worry. You'll know her when you (see) her.
4. I don't think he will phone before he (arrive).
5. You won't forget to lock up the house before you (go) out, will you?
6. You'll go out when the rain (stop).
7. As soon as he (save) Ј 10,000, he will retire from business.
8. After the game (be) over, let's go home together.
9. I shall not speak to him until you (introduce) us to each other.
10. Your electricity will be cut off until you (pay) the bill.
11. Profiteers will continue to make lots of money while th • war (last).
12. We shall try to persuade him not to do it before it (be) to late.
13. If the plane (arrive) after the fog (clear), it will be able i land here.
14. I shan't know whether I've passed or not till I (see) th results printed in the paper.